The importance of essential fatty acids and their ratios in aquafeeds to enhance salmonid production, welfare, and human health
The importance of essential fatty acids and their ratios in aquafeeds to enhance salmonid production, welfare, and human health
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水产饲料中必需脂肪酸及其比例对于提高鲑鱼产量、福利和人类健康的重要性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ester Santigosa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Carr;B. Glencross;Ester Santigosa
长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA），即来自omega-3 （n-3）和omega-6 （n-6）家族的脂肪酸，对鱼类和人类的营养都至关重要。其中一些生物分子不能从头合成，必须通过饮食获得，被称为膳食必需脂肪酸（EFA）。传统上，通过在饲料配方中加入鱼油（FO）来满足鱼类对脂肪酸的需求。然而，由于FO供应有限，水产养殖业正在寻找LC-PUFA的其他可持续来源。这极大地改变了水产饲料配方中使用的成分类型，即缺乏长链omega-3的植物油（VO），经常导致脂肪酸类别的水平和比例不平衡。这种不平衡会对鱼类的性能和福利产生负面影响，也会影响鱼片中含有的促进健康的omega-3 LC-PUFA水平。鉴于鲑科水产养殖在全球鱼类生产中的重要性（主要是大西洋鲑，Salmo salar），以及它作为促进人类饮食健康的omega-3 LC-PUFA来源的作用日益增强，本综述总结了迄今为止关于鲑科和人类对LC-PUFA饮食需求的科学知识。我们讨论了使用不平衡的水产饲料配方对鱼类生产性能和福利的影响，以及对人类营养的后续影响，以及目前用替代成分（如藻油（AO））取代FO的努力，这些成分可以保障人类食用高质量的鲑鱼产品。
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), namely those from omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) families, are paramount for both fish and human nutrition. Some of these biomolecules cannot be synthesized de novo and must be acquired through the diet, being termed dietary essential fatty acids (EFA). Fish requirements for EFA have traditionally been met through the incorporation of fish oil (FO) in the formulation of aquafeeds. However, with limited supply of FO the aquaculture industry is searching for additional sustainable sources of LC-PUFA. This has significantly shifted the type of ingredients used in aquafeed formulation, namely vegetable oils (VO) deficient in long-chain omega-3, often resulting in imbalanced levels and ratios of fatty acid classes. Such imbalances can negatively affect fish performance and welfare, as well as the levels of health promoting omega-3 LC-PUFA present in fish fillets. Given the relevance that salmonid aquaculture plays in global fish production (principally Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar), as well as its growing role as a source of dietary health promoting omega-3 LC-PUFA for humans, the present review summarizes the scientific knowledge available to date on the dietary requirements for LC-PUFA by salmonids and humans. We discuss the implications of using imbalanced aquafeed formulations upon fish performance and welfare, as well as the subsequent consequences for human nutrition, along with current efforts to replace FO by alternative ingredients such as algal oil (AO) that can safeguard high-quality salmonid products for human consumption.
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Naylor RL;Kishore A;Sumaila UR;Issifu I;Hunter BP;Belton B;Bush SR;Cao L;Gelcich S;Gephart JA;Golden CD;Jonell M;Koehn JZ;Little DC;Thilsted SH;Tigchelaar M;Crona B
通讯作者：
Crona B
工程植物基原料用于可持续水产养殖。
影响因子：
9.5
作者：
Napier JA
通讯作者：
Napier JA
影响因子：
16.8
作者：
Herbert-Read, James E.;Thornton, Ann;Sutherland, William J.
通讯作者：
Sutherland, William J.