HEAT INJURY DURING FLORAL DEVELOPMENT IN COWPEA (VIGNA-UNGUICULATA, FABACEAE)
HEAT INJURY DURING FLORAL DEVELOPMENT IN COWPEA (VIGNA-UNGUICULATA, FABACEAE)
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DOI：
10.2307/2444945
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发表时间：
1992-07-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
DEMASON, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
AHMED, FE;HALL, AE;DEMASON, DA
豇豆（Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.）。本研究的目的是确定：雄性不育的可能原因;由于热胁迫发生损害时的花发育阶段;以及在对热敏感期间特定组织是否受损。在单独的实验中，植物在温室和生长室中在受控温度下生长。在夜间温度为20 ℃时，花发育正常，而在夜间高温（30 ℃）下发育的花由于花粉活力低和花药不裂而不结荚。在33/30 ℃昼夜温度下发育的花药不显示药室内壁层的形成，而在33/20 ℃昼夜温度下发育的花药显示药室内壁层的正常发育。在夜间温度高或最佳温度的室之间的植物的相互转移表明，花发育对热胁迫最敏感的阶段发生在开花前9至7天。在最佳或高夜间温度下发育的花药进行了细胞学比较。发育相似，通过减数分裂，但四分体释放后，这发生在开花前8天，绒毡层在夜间高温下过早退化。绒毡层的过早退化和室内壁发育的缺乏可能是造成夜间高温下花粉生活力低、花药开裂率低和结荚率低的原因。
High night temperatures during floral development induce male sterility in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.). The objectives of this study were to determine: the possible causes of the male sterility; the stage of floral development when damage due to heat stress occurs; and whether specific tissues are damaged during the period of sensitivity to heat. Plants were grown under controlled temperatures in both greenhouses and growth chambers in separate experiments. Floral development was normal under a night temperature of 20 C, whereas flowers developed under high night temperature (30 C) set no pods due to low pollen viability and anther indehiscence. Anthers developed under 33/30 C day/night temperatures did not exhibit endothecial formation, whereas anthers developed under 33/20 C day/night temperatures exhibited normal development of the endothecial layer. Reciprocal transfers of plants between chambers with high or optimum night temperature demonstrated that the stage of floral development most sensitive to heat stress occurs 9 to 7 d before anthesis. Anthers developed under either optimal or high night temperatures were compared cytologically. Development was similar through meiosis, but after tetrad release, which occurred 8 d before anthesis, the tapetal layer degenerated prematurely under high night temperature. Premature degeneration of the tapetal layer and lack of endothecial development may be responsible for the low pollen viability, low anther dehiscence, and low pod set under high night temperatures.