Comparative Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Distribution between Traditional Taxi Service and Emerging Ride-Hailing
Comparative Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Distribution between Traditional Taxi Service and Emerging Ride-Hailing
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DOI：
10.3390/ijgi10100690
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Di Wang;Tomio Miwa;T. Morikawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Di Wang;Tomio Miwa;T. Morikawa
在统一的时空背景下，对出租车和网约车这两个个人移动市场的主要参与者的范式进行了系统和实证的比较。本研究以厦门市的实地调查数据为支撑，提出了一个三重分析框架来比较出行和到达的流动性，包括：(1)通过等级大小和优势比分析出行和到达的空间分布；(2)通过空间统计和考虑距离衰减效应来分析出行距离的统计特征；(3)通过非负张量分解得到出行过程中固有的元模式。我们的发现表明，出租车和叫车服务在出行需求方面有着相似的空间模式，但随着人口密度的变化，出租车需求异质性更快。此外，出租车行业和叫车服务之间的相对平衡在厦门岛内外呈现出相反的趋势。虽然出行距离具有相似的统计特性，但出行距离中位数的空间分布反映了不同的城市结构。通过张量分解从起点-目的地-时间系统中检测到的元模式表明，出租车的流动性具有独特的夜间强度，而叫车在工作日表现出更显著的早高峰。尽管网约车对两岸白天的互动做出了重要贡献，但在夜间，缺乏有效的服务来维持这种互动。
The paradigms of taxis and ride-hailing, the two major players in the personal mobility market, are compared systematically and empirically in a unified spatial–temporal context. Supported by real field data from Xiamen, China, this research proposes a three-fold analytical framework to compare their mobilities, including (1) the spatial distributions of departures and arrivals by rank–size and odds ratio analysis, (2) the statistical characteristics of trip distances by spatial statistics and considering distance-decay effect, and (3) the meta-patterns inherent in the mobility processes by nonnegative tensor factorization. Our findings suggest that taxis and ride-hailing services share similar spatial patterns in terms of travel demand, but taxi demand heterogenizes more quickly with changes in population density. Additionally, the relative balance between the taxi industry and ride-hailing services shows opposite trends inside and outside Xiamen Island. Although the trip distances have similar statistical properties, the spatial distribution of the median trip distances reflects different urban structures. The meta-patterns detected from the origin–destination-time system via tensor factorization suggest that taxi mobilities feature exclusive nighttime intensities, whereas ride-hailing exhibits more prominent morning peaks on weekdays. Although ride-hailing contributes significantly to cross–strait interactions during daytime, there is a lack of efficient services to maintain such interactions at night.