A simple process for lignin nanoparticle preparation
A simple process for lignin nanoparticle preparation
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DOI：
10.1039/c5gc01436k
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Osterberg, Monika
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lievonen, Miikka;Valle-Delgado, Juan Jose;Osterberg, Monika
可再生资源的缺乏和低效利用是社会面临的一大挑战。木质素是一种天然生物聚合物，主要作为制浆和造纸工业的副产品获得，主要用于燃烧以产生能量。然而，人们对在更高级的应用中使用木质素的兴趣迅速增加。特别是，基于木质素的纳米颗粒可以在功能表面涂层、纳米胶体、药物输送和微流控设备中找到潜在的用途。在本工作中，介绍了一种直接从硫酸盐法制浆中获得的木质素制备木素纳米颗粒的方法。将针叶木素溶解于四氢呋喃(THF)中，然后通过渗析向体系中引入水，得到了球形木质素纳米颗粒。不需要对木质素进行化学修饰。水起到了非溶剂的作用，降低了木质素的自由度，导致疏水性区域在形成的纳米颗粒内被隔开。纳米颗粒的最终尺寸取决于透析前溶解木质素的浓度。研究了纳米粒子分散体的稳定性随时间、盐浓度和pH的变化。木质素纳米粒子在纯水中和室温下稳定两个月以上，但在很低的pH或很高的盐浓度下会引起团聚。进一步证明了聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDADMAC)可以反转颗粒表面电荷，生成稳定的阳离子木质素纳米颗粒。
A lack of renewable resources and their inefficient use is a major challenge facing the society. Lignin is a natural biopolymer obtained mainly as a by-product from the pulp-and paper-making industries, and is primarily burned to produce energy. However, interest for using lignin in more advanced applications has increased rapidly. In particular, lignin based nanoparticles could find potential use in functional surface coatings, nanoglue, drug delivery, and microfluidic devices. In this work, a straightforward method to produce lignin nanoparticles from waste lignin obtained from kraft pulping is introduced. Spherical lignin nanoparticles were obtained by dissolving softwood kraft lignin in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and subsequently introducing water into the system through dialysis. No chemical modification of lignin was needed. Water acts as a non-solvent reducing lignin's degrees of freedom causing the segregation of hydrophobic regions to compartments within the forming nanoparticles. The final size of the nanoparticles depended on the pre-dialysis concentration of dissolved lignin. The stability of the nanoparticle dispersion as a function of time, salt concentration and pH was studied. In pure water and at room temperature the lignin nanoparticle dispersion was stable for over two months, but a very low pH or high salt concentration induced aggregation. It was further demonstrated that the surface charge of the particles could be reversed and stable cationic lignin nanoparticles were produced by adsorption of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC).