Source, metabolism and function of dopamine in digestive tract
Source, metabolism and function of dopamine in digestive tract
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DOI：
10.13294/j.aps.2020.0036
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Zhu Jin-Xia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liu Chen-Zhe;Zhu Jin-Xia
多巴胺（DA）是一种广泛分布于中枢神经系统和外周组织的儿茶酚胺类神经递质，近年来受到广泛关注。特别是近年来发现DA对免疫系统的功能具有调节作用，DA参与肠黏膜炎症相关疾病的研究已成为热点。消化道是外周DA的重要来源，DA不仅在肠神经系统和胃肠道上皮产生，还可由肠道微生物产生。除了多巴胺合成酶外，机体组织中的多巴胺含量还受单胺氧化酶（MAO）和儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶（COMT）两种代谢酶的影响。本文综述了DA的来源、在消化道中的代谢和功能，重点介绍了DA降解酶MAO和COMT在消化道中的分布和功能。
Dopamine (DA), as a catecholamine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central nervous system and the peripheral tissues, has attracted a lot of attention. Especially in recent years, DA has been found to regulate the function of the immune system, and the involvement of DA in the intestinal mucosal inflammation-related diseases has become a hot research topic. The digestive tract is an important source of peripheral DA, and DA is not only produced in the enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal epithelium, but also produced by intestinal microorganisms. In addition to the synthetases of DA, the DA contents in body tissues are also affected by the two kinds of metabolic enzymes, monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). This article reviewed the sources, metabolism, and functions of DA in digestive tract, especially focusing on the distribution and function of MAO and COMT, the enzymes degrading DA.