Pollination by flies, bees, and beetles of Nuphar ozarkana and N. advena (Nymphaeaceae).
Pollination by flies, bees, and beetles of Nuphar ozarkana and N. advena (Nymphaeaceae).
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由苍蝇、蜜蜂和 Nuphar ozarkana 和 N. advena（睡莲科）甲虫授粉。
DOI：
10.2307/2656897
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
S. Renner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Lippok;A. Gardine;P. S. Williamson;S. Renner
Nuphar包括13种水生多年生植物，分布于温带北方半球。欧洲种N. lutea和N.挪威、荷兰和德国的白榆是由蜜蜂和苍蝇授粉的，其中包括明显的努法尔专家。这与美洲北半球甲虫授粉占优势的报道形成对比。advena和N.多萼片。我们研究了N.密苏里州的ozarkana和N. advena在得克萨斯州，以评估是否（1）有证据表明，传粉者的转变与花形态差异之间的旧世界和新世界的物种，假设由帕吉特，莱斯和乌鸦（美国植物学杂志86：1316-1324。1999）和（2）是否甲虫授粉的特点美洲种的Nuphar。在这两个物种中，97%和67%的访花是由汗蜂，特别是Lasioglossum（Evylaeus）nelumbonis。访问这两个物种的食蚜蝇物种是Paragus sp.，金属小蜂和双弓小蜂鱼纹水盾蚧（Donacia piscatrix）是一种常见的害虫，主要分布在白刺叶甲的茎叶上。但很少有人去看花。百分之十五的访问N。advena花以D. piscatrix和D.德克萨斯州。甲虫作为传粉者的作用是通过在N。Advena芽即将打开，并添加甲虫。甲虫访问了笼子里的花的40%，并且接受访问的花有69%的种子，这可能是由于甲虫介导的第一d花的geitonogamy。实验异交1st-d花有62%的种子集，和自由授粉花76%; 2nd-d自交或异交花有低的种子集（9和12%，分别）。花是强烈的先雌先熟的，不能自发地自我发育。不受传粉者影响的花朵不会结出种子。到目前为止研究的两个旧大陆和三个新大陆的Nuphar物种的传粉者光谱的比较表明，苍蝇，蜜蜂和甲虫的相对贡献，花粉转移在任何一个人口更多地取决于这些昆虫的相对丰度（和在多纳西亚的情况下，存在）和替代食物来源，而不是旧大陆和新大陆的pond-lilies之间的雄蕊长度差异。
Nuphar comprises 13 species of aquatic perennials distributed in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The European species N. lutea and N. pumila in Norway, the Netherlands, and Germany are pollinated by bees and flies, including apparent Nuphar specialists. This contrasts with reports of predominant beetle pollination in American N. advena and N. polysepala. We studied pollination in N. ozarkana in Missouri and N. advena in Texas to assess whether (1) there is evidence of pollinator shifts associated with floral-morphological differences between Old World and New World species as hypothesized by Padgett, Les, and Crow (American Journal of Botany 86: 1316-1324. 1999) and (2) whether beetle pollination characterizes American species of Nuphar. Ninety-seven and 67% of flower visits in the two species were by sweat bees, especially Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) nelumbonis. Syrphid fly species visiting both species were Paragus sp., Chalcosyrphus metallicus, and Toxomerus geminatus. The long-horned leaf beetle Donacia piscatrix was common on leaves and stems of N. ozarkana but rarely visited flowers. Fifteen percent of visits to N. advena flowers were by D. piscatrix and D. texana. The beetles' role as pollinators was investigated experimentally by placing floating mesh cages that excluded flies and bees over N. advena buds about to open and adding beetles. Beetles visited 40% of the flowers in cages, and flowers that received visits had 69% seed set, likely due to beetle-mediated geitonogamy of 1st-d flowers. Experimentally outcrossed 1st-d flowers had 62% seed set, and open-pollinated flowers 76%; 2nd-d selfed or outcrossed flowers had low seed sets (9 and 12%, respectively). Flowers are strongly protogynous and do not self spontaneously. Flowers shielded from pollinators set no seeds. A comparison of pollinator spectra in the two Old World and three New World Nuphar species studied so far suggests that the relative contribution of flies, bees, and beetles to pollen transfer in any one population depends more on these insects' relative abundances (and in the case of Donacia, presence) and alternative food sources than on stamen length differences between Old World and New World pond-lilies.