An Emphasis on Brilliance Fosters Masculinity-Contest Cultures
An Emphasis on Brilliance Fosters Masculinity-Contest Cultures
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DOI：
10.1177/09567976211044133
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发表时间：
2022-03-23
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Cimpian, Andrei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vial, Andrea C.;Muradoglu, Melis;Cimpian, Andrei
在人们认为成功需要才华的领域，女性的代表性不足，但人们对这种模式的原因知之甚少。我们调查了人们对“男子气概竞争文化”的看法，这是一种残酷竞争的组织环境，是一种关键机制，通过这种机制，人们对才华的重视阻碍了女性的参与。在三项预先注册的相关性和实验性研究中，涉及成人在线参与者 (N = 870) 和来自 30 多个学科的学者 (N = 1,347)，我们发现，某个领域或组织重视才华的看法与该领域或组织以男性气质竞争文化为特征的看法之间存在正相关关系。这种关联在女性中尤其强烈。反过来，感知到男性气质竞争文化会降低兴趣和归属感，以及更强的冒名顶替感。通过实验减少对男性气质竞争文化的认知，消除了在以才华为导向的组织中兴趣和归属感上的性别差距，这表明了可能的干预途径。
Women are underrepresented in fields in which success is believed to require brilliance, but the reasons for this pattern are poorly understood. We investigated perceptions of a "masculinity-contest culture," an organizational environment of ruthless competition, as a key mechanism whereby a perceived emphasis on brilliance discourages female participation. Across three preregistered correlational and experimental studies involving adult lay participants online (N = 870) and academics from more than 30 disciplines (N = 1,347), we found a positive association between the perception that a field or an organization values brilliance and the perception that this field or organization is characterized by a masculinity-contest culture. This association was particularly strong among women. In turn, perceiving a masculinity-contest culture predicted lower interest and sense of belonging as well as stronger impostor feelings. Experimentally reducing the perception of a masculinity-contest culture eliminated gender gaps in interest and belonging in a brilliance-oriented organization, suggesting possible avenues for intervention.