Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and assessing air quality changes in Baghdad, Iraq
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and assessing air quality changes in Baghdad, Iraq
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141978
复制
发表时间：
2021-02-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Al-Ansari, Nadhir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hashim, Bassim Mohammed;Al-Naseri, Saadi K.;Al-Ansari, Nadhir
新冠肺炎于2020年2月24日首次在伊拉克报告。此后，为防止疫情蔓延，伊拉克政府宣布进入卫生紧急状态。采取了一系列迅速而严格的对策，包括封锁城市和限制人口流动。在这项研究中，分析了巴格达2020年1月16日至2月29日封锁前以及2020年3月1日至7月24日部分和全部封锁期间四种标准污染物NO2，O-3，PM2.5和PM10的浓度。总体而言，在3月1日至4月21日的第一次部分和全面封锁期间，巴格达的NO2、PM2.5和PM10浓度分别比封锁前下降了6%、8%和15%。而同期O-3增加了13%。在6月14日至7月24日的第二次部分封锁期间，NO2和PM2.5分别下降20%和2.5%。而O-3和PM10则分别增加了525%和56%。在3月1日至4月21日的第一次部分封锁期间，巴格达的空气质量指数（AQI）比封锁前改善了13%。从Sentinel-5 P卫星提取的NO2对流层柱的结果显示，由于封锁措施，2020年1月至7月期间，伊拉克各地的NO2排放量减少了35%至40%，特别是在巴格达，巴士拉和埃尔比勒等主要城市。COVID-19导致的封城对社会及经济方面产生重大影响。然而，封城对自然环境及空气质量改善亦有一定正面影响。(C)2020爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
Covid-19 was first reported in Iraq on February 24, 2020. Since then, to prevent its propagation, the Iraqi government declared a state of health emergency. A set of rapid and strict countermeasures have taken, including locking down cities and limiting population's mobility. In this study, concentrations of four criteria pollutants, NO2, O-3, PM2.5 and PM10 before the lockdown from January 16 to February 29, 2020, and during four periods of partial and total lockdown from March 1 to July 24, 2020, in Baghdad were analysed. Overall, 6, 8 and 15% decreases in NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations, respectively in Baghdad during the 1st partial and total lockdown from March 1 to April 21, compared to the period before the lockdown. While, there were 13% increase in O-3 for same period. During the 2nd partial lockdown from June 14 to July 24, NO2 and PM2.5 decreases 20 and 2.5%, respectively. While, there were 525 and 56% increase in O-3 and PM10, respectively for same period. The air quality index (AQI) improved by 13% in Baghdad during the 1st partial lockdown from March 1 to April 21, compared to its pre-lockdown. The results of NO2 tropospheric column extracted from the Sentinel-5P satellite shown the NO2 emissions reduced up to 35 to 40% across Iraq, due to lockdown measures, between January and July, 2020, especially across the major cities such as Baghdad, Basra and Erbil. The lockdown due to COVID-19 has drastic effects on social and economic aspects. However, the lockdown also has some positive effect on natural environment and air quality improvement. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.