Trends in alcohol consumption patterns among whites, blacks and Hispanics: 1984 and 1995
Trends in alcohol consumption patterns among whites, blacks and Hispanics: 1984 and 1995
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DOI：
10.15288/jsa.1998.59.659
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发表时间：
1998-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Clark, CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Caetano, R;Clark, CL
目的：报告1984年至1995年期间白人、黑人和西班牙裔美国人酒精消费模式的全国趋势，与最近美国人均消费量下降的情况相联系。方法：数据来自美国家庭的两个全国性概率样本，第一个在1984年进行，第二个在1995年进行。1984年的样本包括1，777名白人，1，947名黑人和1，453名西班牙裔; 1995年的样本包括1，636名白人，1，582名黑人和1，585名西班牙裔。在这两次调查中，均由受过训练的访问员在受访者家中进行了平均1小时的访问。结果：在1984年至1995年期间，在白人中的预防率保持稳定，但在黑人和西班牙裔中有所增加。频繁大量饮酒在白色男性中有所下降（从20%降至12%），但在黑人（两次调查均为15%）和西班牙裔男性（17%和18%）中保持稳定。频繁大量饮酒在白色女性中有所下降（从5%降至2%），但在黑人（两次调查均为5%）和西班牙裔女性（2%和3%）中保持稳定。1984年，白色男性和女性经常酗酒的可能性是1995年的两倍。结论：美国人均消费的减少对白色、黑人和西班牙裔群体的影响不同。频繁大量饮酒率的稳定性使黑人和西班牙裔人比白人更容易出现问题。因此，这一发现引起了公共卫生专业人员和其他对预防美国种族群体中与酒精有关的问题感兴趣的人的关注。
Objective: To report national trends in alcohol consumption patterns among whites, blacks and Hispanics between 1984 and 1995, in relation to the recent decline in per capita consumption in the United States. Method: Data were obtained from two nationwide probability samples of U.S. households, the first conducted in 1984 and the second in 1995. The 1984 sample consisted of 1,777 whites, 1,947 blacks and 1,453 Hispanics; the 1995 sample consisted of 1,636 whites, 1,582 blacks and 1,585 Hispanics. On both occasions, interviews averaging 1 hour in length were conducted in respondents' homes by trained interviewers. Results: Between 1984 and 1995, the rate of abstention remained stable among whites but increased among blacks and Hispanics. Frequent heavy drinking decreased among white men (from 20% to 12%), but remained stable among black (15% in both surveys) and Hispanic men (17% and 18%). Frequent heavy drinking decreased among white women (from 5% to 2%), but remained stable among black (5% in both surveys) and Hispanic women (2% and 3%). White men and women were two times more likely to be frequent heavy drinkers in 1984 than in 1995. Conclusions: The reduction in per capita consumption in the U.S. is differentially influencing white, black and Hispanic ethnic groups. The stability of rates of frequent heavy drinking places blacks and Hispanics at a higher risk for problem development than whites. This finding is, therefore, a concern to public health professionals and others interested in the prevention of alcohol-related problems among ethnic groups in the United States.