Multi-functionality and plasticity characterize epithelial cells in Hydra.
Multi-functionality and plasticity characterize epithelial cells in Hydra.
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DOI：
10.1080/21688370.2015.1068908
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Galliot B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buzgariu W;Al Haddad S;Tomczyk S;Wenger Y;Galliot B
上皮片是除孔虫外的所有后生动物的同形突触，在脊椎动物、外胚层和内胚层中以2层的形式存在，其基侧由一种称为中胚层的细胞外基质连接。在九头蛇息肉中，体柱上皮细胞是一种单能干细胞，可以持续自我更新，并同时表达其上皮肌功能。这些多功能收缩细胞通过提供保护性的物理屏障，通过消化营养物质，通过选择稳定的微生物群，以及通过快速闭合伤口来维持动态平衡。此外，上皮细胞具有高度的可塑性，支持九头蛇适应生理和环境变化，例如长时间的饥饿期，生存依赖于高度动态的自噬通量。上皮细胞也在发育过程中发挥关键作用，这从它们为促进萌发和再生而发展的组织者活动中得到了证明。我们在这里提出了一个关于九头蛇上皮可塑性的动态平衡和发育方面的综合观点。
Epithelial sheets, a synapomorphy of all metazoans but porifers, are present as 2 layers in cnidarians, ectoderm and endoderm, joined at their basal side by an extra-cellular matrix named mesoglea. In the Hydra polyp, epithelial cells of the body column are unipotent stem cells that continuously self-renew and concomitantly express their epitheliomuscular features. These multifunctional contractile cells maintain homeostasis by providing a protective physical barrier, by digesting nutrients, by selecting a stable microbiota, and by rapidly closing wounds. In addition, epithelial cells are highly plastic, supporting the adaptation of Hydra to physiological and environmental changes, such as long starvation periods where survival relies on a highly dynamic autophagy flux. Epithelial cells also play key roles in developmental processes as evidenced by the organizer activity they develop to promote budding and regeneration. We propose here an integrative view of the homeostatic and developmental aspects of epithelial plasticity in Hydra.