Visual and cognitive predictors of performance on brake reaction test: Salisbury eye evaluation driving study.
Visual and cognitive predictors of performance on brake reaction test: Salisbury eye evaluation driving study.
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制动反应测试表现的视觉和认知预测因素：索尔兹伯里眼睛评估驾驶研究。
DOI：
10.1080/09286580701502988
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
West,SheilaK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhang,Lei;Baldwin,Kevin;Munoz,Beatriz;Munro,Cynthia;Turano,Kathleen;Hassan,Shirin;Lyketsos,Constantine;Bandeen-Roche,Karen;West,SheilaK
对驾驶安全的关注促使人们对驾驶性能相关因素进行研究。制动反应速度（BRS），即人们在驾驶条件突然变化时的反应速度，是一种性能衡量标准。我们的目的是确定预测1425名老年司机BRS的视觉、认知和身体因素。方法采用马里兰州机动车辆管理局67-87岁居住在马里兰州索尔兹伯里的人员名册作为研究人群的招募。程序包括以下内容：习惯双眼视力使用ETDRS图表，对比敏感度使用Pelli-Robson图表，视野使用单一强度阈值的81点筛选Humphrey视野评估，以及问卷调查以确定医疗状况。认知状态通过一系列标准的注意力、记忆、视觉空间和扫描测试来评估。BRS采用计算机驱动装置进行评估，该装置分别测量初始反应速度（IRS）（从光线变化到红色直到将脚从油门上移开）和物理反应速度（PRS）（将脚从油门上移开到完全踩下刹车）。取五次试验时间的平均值，并将时间转换为速度。结果制动反应时间中位数为384 ~ 5688毫秒。年龄、性别和认知预测了总BRS，这是一个没有信息的结果，因为任务有两个不同的部分。一旦分离，IRS的减少与认知因素的低分和视野的缺失分有关。PRS的减少与有三种或三种以上与腿和脚有关的身体不适以及较差的视力搜索有关。视力与PRS无关。结论：我们已经证明了分离速度对于制动反应中涉及的两个任务的重要性。只有美国国税局靠的是远见。如果视力或认知受损，身体状况良好的人在制动反应测试中可能表现不佳。
ObjectivesConcern for driving safety has prompted research into understanding factors related to performance. Brake reaction speed (BRS), the speed with which persons react to a sudden change in driving conditions, is a measure of performance. Our aim is to determine the visual, cognitive, and physical factors predicting BRS in a population sample of 1425 older drivers.MethodsThe Maryland Department of Motor Vehicles roster of persons aged 67–87 and residing in Salisbury, MD, was used for recruitment of the study population. Procedures included the following: habitual, binocular visual acuity using ETDRS charts, contrast sensitivity using a Pelli-Robson chart, visual fields assessed with a 81-point screening Humphrey field at a single intensity threshold, and a questionnaire to ascertain medical conditions. Cognitive status was assessed using a standard battery of tests for attention, memory, visuo-spatial, and scanning. BRS was assessed using a computer-driven device that measured separately the initial reaction speed (IRS) (from light change to red until removing foot from accelerator) and physical response speed (PRS) (removing foot from accelerator to full brake depression). Five trial times were averaged, and time was converted to speed.ResultsThe median brake reaction time varied from 384 to 5688 milliseconds. Age, gender, and cognition predicted total BRS, a non-informative result as there are two distinct parts to the task. Once separated, decrease in IRS was associated with low scores on cognitive factors and missing points on the visual field. A decrease in PRS was associated with having three or more physical complaints related to legs and feet, and poorer vision search. Vision was not related to PRS.ConclusionWe have demonstrated the importance of segregating the speeds for the two tasks involved in brake reaction. Only the IRS depends on vision. Persons in good physical condition may perform poorly on brake reaction tests if their vision or cognition is compromised.