Roles for Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Plant Mitochondria
Roles for Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Plant Mitochondria
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4020-2400-9_14
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Sweetlove;C. Foyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Sweetlove;C. Foyer
基因组与环境的相互作用对可持续性和生产力至关重要。环境触发因子对植物基因转录、代谢和生理有着重要的影响。由于植物是定居生物，它们必须表现出极端的代谢和形态可塑性，以承受和生存当地环境的不利变化。然而，极端的环境，如低温和干旱，对植物的生长和生存有重大的负面影响。在环境应激期间发生的细胞损伤是由与氧自由基或其他活性氧物质（ROS）的积累相关的不受控制的氧化引起的。传统上线粒体并不被认为是光合组织中活性氧的重要来源。然而，虽然线粒体产生的ROS的量与光合氧化剂的产生相比是低的，但线粒体ROS在所有细胞类型中并且在整个昼夜周期中产生。除了增加氧化负荷外，线粒体中产生的ROS可能是影响全细胞氧化还原稳态的氧化还原信号库的一部分。线粒体中含有酶和非酶抗氧化剂，但最重要的是它们产生抗坏血酸，植物细胞的主要氧化还原缓冲剂。抗坏血酸生物合成的最终反应与呼吸电子流有关，呼吸电子流本身可以控制合成速率。线粒体在动物细胞程序性死亡的诱导阶段是重要的，最近的研究关注在植物中寻找平行的功能。虽然目前的信息是有限的，但越来越多的证据表明，植物线粒体在氧化胁迫耐受性中起着核心作用。此外，线粒体氧化还原信号影响细胞氧化还原状态变得越来越清楚。
The genome-environment interaction is crucial to sustainability and productivity. Environmental triggers have the single most important impact on plant gene transcription, metabolism and physiology. Since plants are sedentary organisms they have to display an extreme metabolic and morphological plasticity in order to withstand and survive unfavorable changes in the local environment. Nevertheless, extremes of environment such as low temperature and drought have a major, negative impact upon plant growth and survival. Cellular damage occurring during environmental stress is caused by uncontrolled oxidation linked to the accumulation of oxygen free radicals or other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria have not traditionally been regarded as an important source ofROS in photosynthetic tissues. However, while the amount of ROS produced by mitochondria is low in comparison to photosynthetic oxidant production, mitochondrial ROS are produced in all cell types and throughout the diurnal cycle. In addition to increasing oxidative load, ROS generated in mitochondria could be part of the repertoire of redox signals that influences whole-cell redox homeostasis. Mitochondria house both enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants but most importantly they produce ascorbic acid, the major redox buffer of plant cells. The final reaction of ascorbate biosynthesis is linked to respiratory electron flow, which may in itself control the rate of synthesis. Mitochondria are important in the induction phase of programmed cell death in animals and much recent research has concerned the search for parallel functions in plants. While current information is limited, evidence is accumulating that plant mitochondria play a central role in oxidative stress tolerance. Moreover, it is becoming clear that mitochondrial redox signals influence the cellular redox-stat.