Fuel Cell Science - Theory, Fundamentals, and Biocatalysis
Fuel Cell Science - Theory, Fundamentals, and Biocatalysis
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燃料电池科学 - 理论、基础知识和生物催化
DOI：
10.1002/9780470630693.ch7
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Armstrong F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Armstrong F
这一章不是关于燃料电池本身，而是对作为燃料电池催化剂的各种酶的研究以及将它们与电极电连接的各种方法的总结。最近的评论和本书中的其他章节涉及生物燃料电池的设计、操作和性能[1，2]。相当多的酶现在被证实是高效的分子电催化剂[3]。如下文所述，它们在技术上的作用可能仅限于功率或稳定性不是问题的利基设备[4]，但它们在为未来的电催化剂设计提供灵感方面也有重要的间接作用。蛋白质膜电化学的研究现在提供了许多由酶催化的似乎具有电化学可逆性的反应的例子-包括与能量相关的氧化还原对H+/H2、NAD+/NADH、CO2/HCOOH和CO2/CO，尽管到目前为止还不是O2/H2O[5-8]。与传统的动力学研究相比，电化学测量的优势在于效率和过电位是明显可测量的。尽管H+/H2对在铂电极上是可逆的，但到目前为止，上面提到的其他氧化还原对只在酶修饰的电极上是可逆的：即使是迄今研究过的最好的合成催化剂，也需要大量的过电位来推动反应的两个方向。酶存在于多种燃料中，包括酒精，以及常见的氧化剂O2和H2O2。酶对于它们的反应物是高度特异的，只要O2或H2O2不干扰燃料的氧化，并且没有安全问题，就不会有
This chapter is not about fuel cells themselves but is intended as a summary of the various enzymes under investigation as fuel cell catalysts and the various ways to connect them electrically to an electrode. More recent reviews and other chapters in this book have dealt with the design, operation, and performance of biological fuel cells [1, 2]. Quite a number of enzymes are now established to be highly efficient molecular electrocatalysts [3]. As discussed below, their role in technology is likely to be restricted to niche devices where power or stability would not be issues [4], but they also have an important indirect role in providing inspiration for future electrocatalyst design.Studies by protein film electrochemistry now provide many examples of reactions catalyzed by enzymes that appear electrochemically reversible—these include the energy-relevant redox couples H+/H 2, NAD+/NADH, CO2/HCOOH, and CO2/CO, although so far not O2/H2O [5–8]. Electrochemical measurements have an advantage over conventional kinetic studies in that efficiency and overpotential are clearly measurable. Although the H+/H2 couple is reversible at Pt electrodes, the other redox couples named above have so far been shown to be reversible only at enzyme-modified electrodes: even with the best synthetic catalysts so far investigated, substantial overpotentials are required to drive the reactions in either direction. Enzymes exist for a wide range of fuels, including alcohols, and for the common oxidants O2 and H2O2. Enzymes are highly specific for their reactants, and provided O2 or H2O2 does not interfere with the oxidation of fuels and there are no safety concerns, there is no