Private benefits and metabolic conflicts shape the emergence of microbial interdependencies
Private benefits and metabolic conflicts shape the emergence of microbial interdependencies
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DOI：
10.1111/1462-2920.13028
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Kerr, Benjamin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Estrela, Sylvie;Morris, J. Jeffrey;Kerr, Benjamin
微生物执行许多昂贵的生物功能，这些功能有益于它们自己，也可能有益于邻近的细胞。由于节省成本，丧失执行这些功能的能力可能是有利的，但当它们对生长至关重要时，生物体就会依赖生态伙伴来弥补这些损失。当多种功能可能丧失时，生态结果可能是多种多样的，只包括独立的生物；单向依赖，其中一个伙伴执行所有功能，而其他伙伴不执行；或者是相互依赖，伙伴们发挥互补的基本功能。是什么导致了这些不同的结果？我们开发了一个模型，其中生物体执行提供私人和公共利益的“泄漏”功能，以探索私有化水平，成本和影响这些结果的必要性的后果。我们表明，在广泛的条件下，相互依存在私有化的中间水平上是有利的。相反，单向依赖只在私有化程度低和功能丧失利益加速时才受到青睐。我们的研究结果表明，私有化水平和驱动微生物依赖性损失的利益形状之间存在相互作用。鉴于无处不在的微生物功能不可避免地泄露和突变失活的容易性，我们的发现可能有助于解释为什么微生物相互依赖在自然界中很常见。
Microbes perform many costly biological functions that benefit themselves, and may also benefit neighbouring cells. Losing the ability to perform such functions can be advantageous due to cost savings, but when they are essential for growth, organisms become dependent on ecological partners to compensate for those losses. When multiple functions may be lost, the ecological outcomes are potentially diverse, including independent organisms only; one-way dependency, where one partner performs all functions and others none; or mutual interdependency where partners perform complementary essential functions. What drives these different outcomes? We develop a model where organisms perform 'leaky' functions that provide both private and public benefits to explore the consequences of privatization level, costs and essentiality on influencing these outcomes. We show that mutual interdependency is favoured at intermediate levels of privatization for a broad range of conditions. One-way dependency, in contrast, is only favoured when privatization is low and loss-of-function benefits are accelerating. Our results suggest an interplay between privatization level and shape of benefits from loss in driving microbial dependencies. Given the ubiquity of microbial functions that are inevitably leaked and the ease of mutational inactivation, our findings may help to explain why microbial interdependencies are common in nature.