Pheromone Gene Diversification and the Evolution of Courtship Glands in Plethodontid Salamanders
Pheromone Gene Diversification and the Evolution of Courtship Glands in Plethodontid Salamanders
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DOI：
10.1007/s00239-021-10026-0
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发表时间：
2021-08-14
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Bonett, Ronald M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herrboldt, Madison A.;Steffen, Michael A.;Bonett, Ronald M.
通过基因复制而多样化的蛋白质信息素可能会导致求偶鸡尾酒的变化，这可能是生殖隔离的一种机制。火蜥蜴信息素的分子进化已经得到了广泛的研究，但这些基因和相关的新的求偶腺是如何共同多样化的还没有得到评估。在这项研究中，我们使用转录分析来研究三个不同的多齿目火蜥蜴谱系中信息素多样化与腺体类型的关系。我们的结果显示，多齿火蜥蜴表达多达8个不同的索德林前体样因子基因(SPF，代表α和β亚家族)以及Plethodontid调制因子(PMF)和Plethodontid接受性因子(PRF)。信息素基因的表达是组织特有的，PMF、PRF和一些SPF基因仅限于脑腺。相反，尾腺显示出其他SPF基因的强烈表达。我们发现了信息素鸡尾酒成分的间歇性变化的证据，这些变化与变态的丧失以及随后的智力腺体的极端减少有关，在童态血统中。我们的研究为信息素多样化如何被划分为独特的腺体提供了洞察力，这可能导致求爱过程中行为模块的鸡尾酒专一性。
Proteinaceous pheromones that diversify through gene duplication can result in shifts in courtship cocktails that may serve as a mechanism for reproductive isolation. The molecular evolution of pheromones has been extensively studied in salamanders, but how these genes and associated novel courtship glands have codiversified has not been evaluated. In this study we used transcriptional analyses to examine the relationship between pheromone diversification and gland type in three divergent lineages of plethodontid salamanders. Our results revealed that plethodontid salamanders express up to eight divergent Sodefrin Precursor-like Factor genes (spf, representing both alpha and beta subfamilies) along with Plethodontid Modulating Factor (pmf) and Plethodontid Receptivity Factor (prf). Expression of pheromone genes is tissue specific with pmf, prf, and some spf genes restricted to the mental gland. In contrast, the caudal gland shows strong expression of the other spf genes. We found evidence for punctuated changes in pheromone cocktail composition related to the loss of metamorphosis, and subsequent extreme reduction of the mental gland, in a paedomorphic lineage. Our study provides insight into how pheromone diversification can be partitioned into unique glands, which may lead to cocktail specificity in behavioral modules during courtship.