Intergenerational Consequences: Women's Experiences of Discrimination in Pregnancy Predict Infant Social-Emotional Development at 6 Months and 1 Year.
Intergenerational Consequences: Women's Experiences of Discrimination in Pregnancy Predict Infant Social-Emotional Development at 6 Months and 1 Year.
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代际后果：女性在怀孕期间遭受歧视的经历可预测婴儿 6 个月和 1 岁时的社会情感发展。
DOI：
10.1097/dbp.0000000000000529
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ickovics,JeannetteR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rosenthal,Lisa;Earnshaw,ValerieA;Moore,JoanM;Ferguson,DarrahN;Lewis,TenéT;Reid,AlleciaE;Lewis,JessicaB;Stasko,EmilyC;Tobin,JonathanN;Ickovics,JeannetteR
目的：美国婴儿发育中的种族/民族和社会经济差异会产生终生后果。歧视预示着更差的健康和学业成绩。这项研究首次探索了女性在怀孕期间遭受歧视的经历对婴儿出生第一年的社会情绪发育的代际影响。方法：数据来自一项纵向研究，对象是以黑人和拉丁裔为主、社会经济条件较差的城市年轻女性(N=704，男性=18.53)，她们在产后1年内怀孕。女性是从美国东北部一座城市的社区医院和健康中心招募的。线性回归分析检验了女性在怀孕期间报告的日常歧视经历是否可以预测其婴儿在6个月和1岁时的社会情感发展结果，并控制了潜在的混淆的医学和社会人口因素。路径分析检验妊娠痛苦、焦虑或抑郁症状是否中介显著的联系。结果：怀孕期间报告的日常歧视在6个月和1岁时预测更大的抑制/分离问题和更多的负面情绪，但不能预测注意力技能或积极情绪。抑郁症状在6个月时中介歧视与负性情绪的关联，怀孕痛苦、焦虑和抑郁症状在1岁时中介歧视与负性情绪的关联。结论：研究结果支持歧视的代际后果，将过去的研究结果延伸到婴儿出生第一年的社会情绪发展结果。重要的是要解决孕前和孕期的歧视问题，并加强对遭受歧视的母亲和婴儿的支持，以促进一生中的健康公平。
Objective:Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in infant development in the United States have lifelong consequences. Discrimination predicts poorer health and academic outcomes. This study explored for the first time intergenerational consequences of women's experiences of discrimination reported during pregnancy for their infants' social-emotional development in the first year of life.Methods:Data come from a longitudinal study with predominantly Black and Latina, socioeconomically disadvantaged, urban young women (N= 704, M age= 18.53) across pregnancy through 1 year postpartum. Women were recruited from community hospitals and health centers in a Northeastern US city. Linear regression analyses examined whether women's experiences of everyday discrimination reported during pregnancy predicted social-emotional development outcomes among their infants at 6 months and 1 year of age, controlling for potentially confounding medical and sociodemographic factors. Path analyses tested if pregnancy distress, anxiety, or depressive symptoms mediated significant associations.Results:Everyday discrimination reported during pregnancy prospectively predicted greater inhibition/separation problems and greater negative emotionality, but did not predict attention skills or positive emotionality, at 6 months and 1 year. Depressive symptoms mediated the association of discrimination with negative emotionality at 6 months, and pregnancy distress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms mediated the association of discrimination with negative emotionality at 1 year.Conclusion:Findings support that there are intergenerational consequences of discrimination, extending past findings to infant social-emotional development outcomes in the first year of life. It may be important to address discrimination before and during pregnancy and enhance support to mothers and infants exposed to discrimination to promote health equity across the life span.