The Medieval Python - The Purposive and Provocative Work of Terry Jones
The Medieval Python - The Purposive and Provocative Work of Terry Jones
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中世纪蟒蛇——特里·琼斯有目的且具有挑衅性的作品
DOI：
10.1057/9781137075055_12
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ormrod W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ormrod W
特里·琼斯的《乔叟的骑士：一个中世纪雇佣兵的画像》一书的出版，标志着中世纪晚期骑士研究的一个重要时刻。琼斯将骑士描述为“中世纪雇佣兵”，这在学院中引起了一些震动，并对百年战争时期骑士阶层的动机、价值观和社会习俗进行了重大的重新评估。并不是每个人都同意琼斯对《坎特伯雷故事集》的解释，有些学者坚决否认骑士的动机仅仅是物质利益。[2]然而，琼斯的研究可能被认为培养了一种新的理解，即对十四世纪的一些人来说，武器职业不仅是一种职业，而且是一种职业。最近，人们更多地关注英国贵族家庭中没有土地的年轻儿子，他们在法国、伊比利亚和意大利的一系列战役和军事占领中，长期为英国王室服务，1360年后，为大公司服务。这些人之所以能够在英国本土成为拥有土地和公职的贵族，很大程度上取决于他们是否有能力寻求王室和贵族的庇护，将他们的战争财富投资于土地，并经常沉迷于暴力，直接行动，这为他们赢得了无情的法律破坏者的持久声誉。
The publication of Terry Jones’s study ofChaucer’s Knight: The Portrait of a Medieval Mercenarymarked an important moment in the study of later medieval knighthood. Jones’s representation of the Knight as a “medieval mercenary” sent something of a shockwave through the academy and produced significant reassessments of the motives, values, and social mores of the knightly class in the era of the Hundred Years’ War. Not everyone concurred with Jones’s interpretation of theCanterbury Tales, and some scholars firmly dissociate themselves from any notion that knights were motivated solely by material gain.2Yet Jones’s study may be seen to have bred a new understanding that the profession of arms was, for some men in the fourteenth century, not merely a matter of vocation but also emphatically a career. Much more attention has recently been given to the landless younger sons of English gentry families who did long-term service to the English crown—and, after 1360, to the Great Companies—in the long series of campaigns and military occupations in France, Iberia, and Italy. The ability of such men to establish themselves as members of the land-holding and office-holding aristocracy back home in England depended to a large degree on their ability to seek out the patronage of the Crown and nobility, to invest their fortunes of war into land, and not infrequently to indulge in the kinds of violent, direct action that earned them an abiding reputation as ruthless lawbreakers.3