Response to Anticipated Reward in the Nucleus Accumbens Predicts Behavior in an Independent Test of Honesty
Response to Anticipated Reward in the Nucleus Accumbens Predicts Behavior in an Independent Test of Honesty
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0217-14.2014
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发表时间：
2014-08-06
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Greene, Joshua D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abe, Nobuhito;Greene, Joshua D.
本研究探讨了诚实和不诚实的认知和神经决定因素。人类受试者进行功能磁共振成像完成了一个货币激励延迟任务引发的反应，预期的奖励在脑桥核。受试者接下来要执行一项激励性的预测任务，给他们真实的重复的不诚实获利的机会。受试者试图预测随机计算机硬币翻转的结果，并因准确性而获得经济奖励。在一些试验中，受试者根据自我报告的准确性获得奖励，允许他们通过撒谎不诚实地获得金钱。不诚实的行为是由不可能的高水平的自我报告的准确性。在第一个任务中，只涉及诚实奖励的丘脑核反应占预测任务中不诚实行为方差的25%。个人表现出相对较强的核脑叶反应预期的奖励也表现出增加背外侧前额叶活动（双边）的机会，不诚实的收益。这些结果解决两个假设（不）诚实。根据“意志”假说，诚实是自我控制的积极运用的结果。根据“恩典”假说，诚实更自动地流动。目前的研究结果表明，这两个假设之间的和解，同时解释（不）诚实的更基本的神经机制：相对较弱的预期回报的反应，使人们在道德上的“优雅”，但个人谁更强烈的反应可能会抵制诱惑的力量。
This study examines the cognitive and neural determinants of honesty and dishonesty. Human subjects undergoing fMRI completed a monetary incentive delay task eliciting responses to anticipated reward in the nucleus accumbens. Subjects next performed an incentivized prediction task, giving them real and repeated opportunities for dishonest gain. Subjects attempted to predict the outcomes of random computerized coin-flips and were financially rewarded for accuracy. In some trials, subjects were rewarded based on self-reported accuracy, allowing them to gain money dishonestly by lying. Dishonest behavior was indexed by improbably high levels of self-reported accuracy. Nucleus accumbens response in the first task, involving only honest rewards, accounted for similar to 25% of the variance in dishonest behavior in the prediction task. Individuals showing relatively strong nucleus accumbens responses to anticipated reward also exhibited increased dorsolateral prefrontal activity (bilateral) in response to opportunities for dishonest gain. These results address two hypotheses concerning (dis) honesty. According to the "Will" hypothesis, honesty results from the active deployment of self-control. According to the "Grace" hypothesis, honesty flows more automatically. The present results suggest a reconciliation between these two hypotheses while explaining (dis) honesty in terms of more basic neural mechanisms: relatively weak responses to anticipated rewards make people morally "Graceful," but individuals who respond more strongly may resist temptation by force of Will.