Are African penguins worth saving? The ecotourism value of the Boulders Beach colony
Are African penguins worth saving? The ecotourism value of the Boulders Beach colony
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DOI：
10.2989/1814232x.2012.716008
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Ryan, P. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lewis, S. E. F.;Turpie, J. K.;Ryan, P. G.
在过去的世纪里，非洲企鹅Spheniscus demersus的数量急剧减少，部分原因是商业渔业对食物的竞争，该物种现在因此濒临灭绝。经济论点被用来支持渔业而不是企鹅的需求，但由于几个繁殖地以企鹅为基础的旅游业，企鹅对南非经济有直接价值。我们在非洲企鹅最重要的旅游景点：南非开普半岛的博尔德估计了非洲企鹅的价值。作为靠近开普敦的大陆殖民地，博尔德吸引了大量游客;仅2009/2010年的门票收入就为1450万雷亚尔（200万美元）。一项区域旅行成本分析显示，开普敦居民每次访问的平均消费者盈余约为20兰特。因此，以企鹅为基础的旅游业是250亿兰特西开普省旅游业的一个组成部分。鉴于这一宝贵资源的未来生存除其他外取决于是否有足够的猎物，应通过减少捕鱼对当地现有猎物的潜在影响的管理战略，限制与南非围网捕鱼船队的竞争。
Populations of the African penguin Spheniscus demersus have decreased dramatically over the past century, due in part to competition for food with commercial fisheries, and the species is now endangered as a result. Economic arguments are used to favour fisheries over the needs of penguins, but penguins have direct value to the South African economy thanks to penguin-based tourism at several breeding colonies. We estimated the value of African penguins at the most important tourist site for African penguins: Boulders on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. As a mainland colony close to Cape Town, Boulders is accessible to large numbers of visitors; gate revenues in 2009/2010 alone were R14.5 million (US$2 million). A zonal travel-cost analysis revealed an average consumer surplus among Cape Town residents of some R20 per visit. Penguin-based tourism thus forms an integral part of the R25 billion Western Cape tourism sector. Given that the future survival of this valuable resource is dependent, among others, on the availability of sufficient prey, competition with South Africa's purse-seine fishing fleet should be limited through management strategies that lessen the potential effects of fishing on prey available at the local scale.