Short-term synaptic plasticity expands the operational range of long-term synaptic changes in neural networks

Short-term synaptic plasticity expands the operational range of long-term synaptic changes in neural networks
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短期突触可塑性扩大了神经网络长期突触变化的操作范围

DOI:
10.1016/j.neunet.2019.06.002
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发表时间:
2019-10
期刊:
影响因子:
7.8
通讯作者:
Yu Shan
Yu Shan
中科院分区:
计算机科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zeng Guanxiong;Huang Xuhui;Jiang Tianzi;Yu Shan

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大脑是高度可塑的,突触的重量在很大的时间尺度上变化,从几百毫秒到几天。发生在不同时间尺度上的变化被认为服务于不同的目的,长期变化用于学习和记忆,短期变化用于适应和突触计算。通过研究存储器计算(RC)模型在记忆任务中的性能,我们发现短期突触可塑性对于神经网络中的长期突触变化至关重要。具体来说,短期抑制(STD)极大地扩展了神经网络的操作范围,它可以在保持系统性能的同时适应长期突触变化。这是通过动态调整神经网络接近临界状态来实现的。STD的影响可以通过突触权重异质性进一步加强,从而导致网络可以容忍突触权重的长期变化。我们的研究结果强调了大脑在不同时间尺度上组织可塑性的潜在机制,从而保持最佳的信息处理,同时允许学习和记忆所需的内部结构变化。
The brain is highly plastic, with synaptic weights changing across a wide range of time scales, from hundreds of milliseconds to days. Changes occurring at different temporal scales are believed to serve different purposes, with long-term changes for learning and memory and short-term changes for adaptation and synaptic computation. By studying the performance of reservoir computing (RC) models in a memory task, we revealed that short-term synaptic plasticity is fundamentally important for long-term synaptic changes in neural networks. Specifically, short-term depression (STD) greatly expands the operational range of a neural network in which it can accommodate long-term synaptic changes while maintaining system performance. This is achieved by dynamically adjusting neural networks close to a critical state. The effects of STD can be further strengthened by synaptic weight heterogeneity, resulting in networks that can tolerate very large, long-term changes in synaptic weights. Our results highlight a potential mechanism used by the brain to organize plasticity at different time scales, thereby maintaining optimal information processing while allowing internal structural changes necessary for learning and memory.
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