Topographical Continuity of Bacterial Populations in the Healthy Human Respiratory Tract
Topographical Continuity of Bacterial Populations in the Healthy Human Respiratory Tract
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DOI：
10.1164/rccm.201104-0655oc
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发表时间：
2011-10-15
影响因子：
24.7
通讯作者：
Collman, Ronald G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Charlson, Emily S.;Bittinger, Kyle;Collman, Ronald G.
基本原理：定义人体栖息地中细菌种群的细菌地理学是理解健康和疾病中微生物-宿主关系的高度优先事项。健康的肺部传统上被认为是无菌的，但这一概念受到了新兴分子方法的挑战，这些方法可以全面检查微生物群落。然而，肺部的研究是具有挑战性的，由于在工作中遇到的困难与低生物量samples.Objectives：我们的目标是使用分子方法来定义的细菌菌群存在于健康人的肺部，并评估其关系上呼吸道populations.Methods：我们采样呼吸道植物群集中在多个网站在6个健康人。通过口腔洗液和口腔/鼻咽拭子对上尿路进行采样。使用两个支气管镜收集样本直至声门，然后进行连续支气管肺泡灌洗和下气道保护刷。通过16 S rDNA Q-PCR和深度测序分析细菌丰度和组成。测量和主要结果：来自肺的细菌群落显示与上呼吸道无区别的组成，但生物量低2至4个对数。肺特异性序列是罕见的，并没有在个人之间共享。结论：与其他器官系统相比，呼吸道具有均匀的微生物群，生物量从上到下逐渐减少。健康的肺不包含一致的独特的微生物组，而是包含低水平的细菌序列，其在很大程度上与上呼吸道植物群不可区分。这些发现建立了健康受试者的基线数据和基于序列的疾病分析的采样方法。
Rationale: Defining the biogeography of bacterial populations in human body habitats is a high priority for understanding microbial-host relationships in health and disease. The healthy lung was traditionally considered sterile, but this notion has been challenged by emerging molecular approaches that enable comprehensive examination of microbial communities. However, studies of the lung are challenging due to difficulties in working with low biomass samples.Objectives: Our goal was to use molecular methods to define the bacterial microbiota present in the lungs of healthy individuals and assess its relationship to upper airway populations.Methods: We sampled respiratory flora intensively at multiple sites in six healthy individuals. The upper tract was sampled by oral wash and oro-/nasopharyngeal swabs. Two bronchoscopes were used to collect samples up to the glottis, followed by serial bronchoalveolar lavage and lower airway protected brush. Bacterial abundance and composition were analyzed by 16S rDNA Q-PCR and deep sequencing.Measurements and Main Results: Bacterial communities from the lung displayed composition indistinguishable from the upper airways, but were 2 to 4 logs lower in biomass. Lung-specific sequences were rare and not shared among individuals. There was no unique lung microbiome.Conclusions: In contrast to other organ systems, the respiratory tract harbors a homogenous microbiota that decreases in biomass from upper to lower tract. The healthy lung does not contain a consistent distinct microbiome, but instead contains low levels of bacterial sequences largely indistinguishable from upper respiratory flora. These findings establish baseline data for healthy subjects and sampling approaches for sequence-based analysis of diseases.