Ultra-Low Global Warming Potential Heat Transfer Fluids for Pumped Two-Phase Cooling in HPC Data Centers
Ultra-Low Global Warming Potential Heat Transfer Fluids for Pumped Two-Phase Cooling in HPC Data Centers
复制标题
用于 HPC 数据中心泵送两相冷却的超低全球变暖潜势传热流体
DOI：
10.1109/itherm45881.2020.9190269
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Karwa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Karwa
在高性能计算（HPC）应用中，来自微处理器的热耗散和机架的功率密度的增加需要对服务器中的微处理器进行液体冷却。目前，水和含水乙二醇主要用作冷却剂。需要维持不断增加的功率密度、水冷却的固有风险和低效率，以及对较低全球变暖潜势的介电流体的推动，促使了对合适的两相传热流体的研究。本研究针对微通道冷板之单相泵送冷却与两相泵送冷却进行评估。在高达125 kg/h的质量流率下测试水冷却。在高达30 kg/h的质量流率和高达640 kW/m2的热通量下，测试了R134 a和超低全球变暖潜能值（GWP）介电流体R1233 zd（E）和R1234 ze（E）的两相冷却。与水冷却相比，两相冷却在相同的流量下实现了更低的结温和更均匀的冷却。当在相等的结温下比较时，两相冷却需要比水冷却低一个数量级的泵浦功率。这项研究表明，与HPC数据中心的水冷相比，R1233 zd（E）和R1234 ze（E）的两相冷却是可行的选择。
The increasing heat dissipation from microprocessors and power density of racks in high performance computing (HPC) applications necessitates liquid cooling of the microprocessors in the servers. Currently, water and aqueous glycol are primarily used as coolants. The need to sustain ever-increasing power density, inherent risks and inefficiencies with water cooling, and the push towards lower global warming potential dielectric fluids, has motivated a search for suitable two-phase heat transfer fluids. This study presents evaluation of pumped single-phase water cooling and two-phase cooling in microchannel cold plate. The water cooling was tested at mass flow rate of up to 125 kg/h. Two-phase cooling with R134a and ultra-low Global Warming Potential (GWP) dielectric fluids R1233zd(E) and R1234ze(E) was tested at mass flow rates of up to 30 kg/h and heat fluxes up to 640 kW/m2. Compared to water cooling, two-phase cooling achieves lower junction temperatures and more uniform cooling for the same flow rates. When compared at equal junction temperature, two-phase cooling requires an order of magnitude lower pumping power than water cooling. This study demonstrates that two-phase cooling with R1233zd(E) and R1234ze(E) can be feasible options compared to water cooling in HPC data centers.