Ultrastructure of human umbilical veins: observations on veins from newborn children of smoking and nonsmoking mothers
Ultrastructure of human umbilical veins: observations on veins from newborn children of smoking and nonsmoking mothers
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人脐静脉超微结构：吸烟和不吸烟母亲新生儿静脉的观察
DOI：
10.3109/00016347809154893
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发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
I. Asmussen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Asmussen
摘要。我们选择脐静脉作为评估人类吸烟引起的血管损伤的可能模型。用透射电镜观察了4例不吸烟母亲和4例重度吸烟母亲新生儿的脐静脉。重度吸烟者的静脉内膜和中膜出现了严重的变化。内膜下腔明显水肿，内膜弹性膜破坏，胶原含量明显减少，肌细胞增生。在接触一氧化碳、缺氧或尼古丁的动物研究中也观察到类似的变化。本研究支持吸烟对人体血管系统有害的观点，并阐明了重度吸烟者引起血管损伤的机制。该研究还表明，在怀孕期间吸烟会对脐带造成严重损害。吸烟母亲的新生儿也可能出现类似的显著变化。因此，在怀孕期间应放弃吸烟。怀孕期间吸烟对胎儿有很高的风险，包括流产和死胎的风险增加，以及分娩后不久死亡的风险。吸烟母亲所生新生儿的平均体重比不吸烟母亲所生新生儿的平均体重少150-300克（1,5,11,12,17）。本研究评估重度吸烟母亲的新生儿脐静脉超微结构的变化，并与对照组进行比较。
Abstract. The umbilical vein was chosen as a possible model for evaluating the vascular injury provoked by tobacco‐smoking in humans. Umbilical veins from newborn children of 4 nonsmoking and 4 heavy‐smoking mothers were examined in the transmission electron microscope. Severe changes were present in the intima and media of veins in the heavy‐smoker group. Pronounced edema was found in the subintimal space, combined with destruction of intimal elastic membranes, a marked decrease in collagen content and a proliferative reaction of the myocytes. Similar changes have been observed in animal studies involving exposure to carbon monoxide, hypoxia or nicotine. The present study supports the concept that tobacco‐smoking is harmful to the human vascular system and illustrates the mechanism through which the vascular injury is provoked in heavy smokers. The study also indicates that tobacco‐smoking causes severe damage during pregnancy to the cord. Similar pronounced changes might be expected in the newborn children of smoking mothers. Tobacco‐smoking should therefore be abandoned during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy carries a high risk for the fetus, including an increased risk of abortion and stillbirth, as well as death soon after delivery. It is also well established that the average weight of newborn children of smoking mothers is 150–300 g less than that of those born to nonsmoking mothers (1, 5, 11, 12, 17). The present study evaluates the ultrastructural changes found in the umbilical veins of newborn children of heavy‐smoking mothers compared with a control group.