Thermal Control Strategies for Reliable and Energy-Efficient Data Centers
Thermal Control Strategies for Reliable and Energy-Efficient Data Centers
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DOI：
10.1115/1.4044129
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发表时间：
2019-12
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
R. Khalid;A. Wemhoff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Khalid;A. Wemhoff
将自主开发的两种控制方案--开/关和监控与数据采集(SCADA)应用于基于蒸发和直接膨胀(DX)的混合模式数据中心冷却系统，以评估控制对可靠性和能效的影响。这些控制方案可以单独或共同应用，从而通过使用空气侧节流和/或蒸发冷却来节省机械制冷所花费的能源。将系统级控件和组件级控件的各种组合与基线无控件情况进行比较。结果表明，只有采用复杂的组件级控制才能始终如一地满足可靠性。但是，通过仅使用系统级控制(即SCADA)，但数据中心冷却系统功率使用效率(PUE)值从3.76降至1.42，仅采用系统级控制(即SCADA)，大约50%的模拟时间即可满足推荐条件。此外，仅通过结合系统级控制(SCADA和开/关控制)，即使冷却系统PUE更低，也能在所有平均时间内满足推荐条件。因此，该研究引入了一种简单的方法来比较可靠和节能的数据中心运行的控制方案。这项工作还突出了数据中心所有者从昂贵的基于组件的内置控制转变为可轻松嵌入现有数据中心基础设施系统管理的廉价但有效的基于系统的控制，从而为数据中心所有者节省资本费用和运营费用的潜在来源。
Two self-developed control schemes, ON/OFF and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), were applied on a hybrid evaporative and direct expansion (DX)-based model data center cooling system to assess the impact of controls on reliability and energy efficiency. These control schemes can be applied independently or collectively, thereby saving the energy spent on mechanical refrigeration by using airside economization and/or evaporative cooling. Various combinations of system-level controls and component-level controls are compared to a baseline no-controls case. The results show that reliability is consistently met by employing only sophisticated component-level controls. However, the recommended conditions are met approximately 50% of the simulated time by employing system-level controls only (i.e., SCADA) but with a reduction in data center cooling system power usage effectiveness (PUE) values from 3.76 to 1.42. Moreover, the recommended conditions are met at all averaged times with an even lower cooling system PUE of 1.13 by combining system-level controls only (SCADA and ON/OFF controls). Thus, the study introduces a simple method to compare control schemes for reliable and energy-efficient data center operation. The work also highlights a potential source of capital expenses and operating expenses savings for data center owners by switching from expensive built-in component-based controls to inexpensive, yet effective, system-based controls that can easily be imbedded into existing data center infrastructure systems management.