Toward Forensic Uses of Microbial Source Tracking
Toward Forensic Uses of Microbial Source Tracking
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.emf-0014-2017
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Harwood, Valerie J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Teaf, Christopher M.;Flores, David;Harwood, Valerie J.
微生物来源追踪科学使研究人员和流域管理者能够超越大肠杆菌和肠球菌等水中粪便污染的一般指标，并进一步了解水质问题的具体影响因素。微生物来源追踪的前提是，与特定宿主物种密切相关的微生物的特征可用于将粪便污染追踪到特定动物物种（包括人类）或群体，例如，反刍动物或鸟类。微生物来源追踪方法主要用于研究领域，没有一种方法被批准用于联邦层面的监管用途。它们在法医学的传统意义上的应用，即，调查犯罪的方法受到限制，但随着其中一些方法标准化并在监管环境中得到认可，它们无疑将在最大日负荷评估、污水溢出调查和农业活动污染等应用中发挥更大作用。
The science of microbial source tracking has allowed researchers and watershed managers to go beyond general indicators of fecal pollution in water such as coliforms and enterococci, and to move toward an understanding of specific contributors to water quality issues. The premise of microbial source tracking is that characteristics of microorganisms that are strongly associated with particular host species can be used to trace fecal pollution to particular animal species (including humans) or groups, e.g., ruminants or birds. Microbial source tracking methods are practiced largely in the realm of research, and none are approved for regulatory uses on a federal level. Their application in the conventional sense of forensics, i.e., to investigate a crime, has been limited, but as some of these methods become standardized and recognized in a regulatory context, they will doubtless play a larger role in applications such as total maximum daily load assessment, investigations of sewage spills, and contamination from agricultural practices.