Degradation Rates of Plastics in the Environment
Degradation Rates of Plastics in the Environment
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DOI：
10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06635
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发表时间：
2020-03-09
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Suh, Sangwon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chamas, Ali;Moon, Hyunjin;Suh, Sangwon
目前，塑料废物的产生速度接近4亿吨/年（-1）。环境中积累的塑料数量正在迅速增长，但我们对其持久性的了解非常有限。该观点总结了现有文献中关于主要类型热塑性聚合物的环境降解速率和途径。一个衡量标准，以协调不同类型的测量，比表面降解率（SSDR），实施和使用外推半衰期。SSDR值涵盖的范围很广，由于在不同的自然环境中进行的降解研究而产生了一些变化。高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）在海洋环境中的SSDR范围从0到大约11 μ m年（-1）。这种方法产生了一些有趣的见解。使用海洋环境中HDPE的平均SSDR，线性外推法得出的估计半衰期范围为58年（瓶）至1200年（管）。例如，HDPE和聚乳酸（PLA）的SSDR在海洋环境中惊人地相似，尽管PLA在陆地上的降解速度比HDPE快约20倍。我们的研究强调了在明确的反应条件下进行更好的实验研究的必要性，标准化的速率报告，以及使用模拟聚合物降解的方法。
Plastic waste is currently generated at a rate approaching 400 Mt year(-1). The amount of plastics accumulating in the environment is growing rapidly, yet our understanding of its persistence is very limited. This Perspective summarizes the existing literature on environmental degradation rates and pathways for the major types of thermoplastic polymers. A metric to harmonize disparate types of measurements, the specific surface degradation rate (SSDR), is implemented and used to extrapolate half-lives. SSDR values cover a very wide range, with some of the variability arising due to degradation studies conducted in different natural environments. SSDRs for high density polyethylene (HDPE) in the marine environment range from practically 0 to approximately 11 mu m year(-1). This approach yields a number of interesting insights. Using a mean SSDR for HDPE in the marine environment, linear extrapolation leads to estimated half-lives ranging from 58 years (bottles) to 1200 years (pipes). For example, SSDRs for HDPE and polylactic acid (PLA) are surprisingly similar in the marine environment, although PLA degrades approximately 20 times faster than HDPE on land. Our study highlights the need for better experimental studies under well-defined reaction conditions, standardized reporting of rates, and methods to simulate polymer degradation using.