How does childhood economic disadvantage lead to crime?
How does childhood economic disadvantage lead to crime?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00288.x
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Horwood, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fergusson, D;Swain-Campbell, N;Horwood, J
背景：本研究旨在探讨儿童时期社会经济剥夺指数与后来参与犯罪之间的关联。方法：收集数据作为基督城健康与发展研究的一部分。在该项目中，对 1977 年出生于基督城的 1,265 名儿童进行了从出生到 21 岁的研究。收集的措施包括：自我报告的财产和暴力犯罪（15-16、17-18 和 20-21 岁）；正式记录的财产/暴力犯罪定罪记录；儿童社会经济地位的衡量标准；以及一系列干预因素，包括养育方式（体罚、产妇照顾、家庭变化、父母依恋、父母犯罪）、个人（行为和注意力问题）、学校（逃学、停学、考试成绩、学业能力）和同伴因素（与不正常和物质使用同伴的关系）。结果：结果表明，儿童社会经济劣势与自我报告犯罪率和官方记录定罪率的明显上升有关。然而，使用块递归负二项式回归模型，发现一系列父母、个人、学校和同伴因素会干预社会经济劣势和犯罪。将这些措施引入模型后，社会经济劣势与犯罪之间的关联在统计上和实际上都变得不显着。结论：本研究表明，社会经济弱势家庭的年轻人犯罪率较高，反映出家庭、个人、学校和同伴不利因素结合起来增加了个人犯罪的易感性的生命历程。
Background: This study sought to examine the associations between indices of socio-economic deprivation in childhood and later involvement in crime. Method: Data were gathered as part of the Christchurch Health and Development Study. In this project a cohort of 1,265 children born in Christchurch in 1977 have been studied from birth to age 21 years. The measures collected included: self-reported property and violent crime (15-16, 17-18, and 20-21 years); officially recorded convictions for property/ violent crime; measures of childhood socio-economic status; and a series of intervening factors, including parenting (use of physical punishment, maternal care, family change, parental attachment, parental offending), individual (conduct and attention problems), school (truancy, suspensions, examination performance, scholastic ability), and peer factors (affiliations with deviant and substance using peers). Results: The results suggest that childhood socio-economic disadvantage was associated with clear increases in rates of both self-reported crime and officially recorded convictions. However, using block recursive negative binomial regression models a range of parental, individual, school, and peer factors were found to intervene between socio-economic disadvantage and crime. Following introduction of these measures into the models, the association between socio-economic disadvantage and crime became both statistically and practically non-significant. Conclusions: This study suggests that the higher rates of crime found amongst young people from socio-economically disadvantaged families reflect a life course process in which adverse family, individual, school, and peer factors combine to increase individual susceptibility to crime.