Overexpression of membrane proteins in mammalian cells for structural studies.

Overexpression of membrane proteins in mammalian cells for structural studies.
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DOI:
10.3109/09687688.2012.703703
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发表时间:
2013-02
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Tate CG
Tate CG
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Andréll J;Tate CG

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由于过去几年设计的许多创新的蛋白质工程和结晶策略,高等真核生物的完整膜蛋白结构的数量正在稳步增加。然而,令人清醒的是,这些结构仅占哺乳动物基因组编码的膜蛋白总数的一小部分。此外,迄今为止确定的结构是最容易处理的膜蛋白,即使用杆状病毒表达系统在酵母或昆虫细胞中功能性表达并高水平表达的结构。然而,一些在这些系统中表达效率低下的膜蛋白可以在哺乳动物细胞中以足够高的水平产生以允许结构确定。哺乳动物表达系统是结构生物学中未充分利用的资源,代表了生产用于结构研究的全功能膜蛋白的有效方法。本综述将讨论使用各种病毒、组成型或诱导型表达系统在哺乳动物细胞中过度表达脊椎动物膜蛋白的例子。
The number of structures of integral membrane proteins from higher eukaryotes is steadily increasing due to a number of innovative protein engineering and crystallization strategies devised over the last few years. However, it is sobering to reflect that these structures represent only a tiny proportion of the total number of membrane proteins encoded by a mammalian genome. In addition, the structures determined to date are of the most tractable membrane proteins, i.e., those that are expressed functionally and to high levels in yeast or in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. However, some membrane proteins that are expressed inefficiently in these systems can be produced at sufficiently high levels in mammalian cells to allow structure determination. Mammalian expression systems are an under-used resource in structural biology and represent an effective way to produce fully functional membrane proteins for structural studies. This review will discuss examples of vertebrate membrane protein overexpression in mammalian cells using a variety of viral, constitutive or inducible expression systems.
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