Allostasis, Homeostats, and the Nature of Stress
Allostasis, Homeostats, and the Nature of Stress
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DOI：
10.1080/10253890290012345
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
McEwen, Bruce
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldstein, David S.;McEwen, Bruce
这篇文章继续讨论一个新的制定的稳态，使用的概念，异稳态和稳态。新的配方超越了坎农的“内稳态”概念，该概念假定了维持内部环境的理想条件。变稳态的概念认识到，在生活中没有一套理想的稳态条件，不同的应激源引起交感神经和肾上腺髓质激素系统不同的激活模式。他稳态反映了活跃的适应过程，通过多个相互作用的效应器维持明显的稳定状态，这些效应器由稳态比较器-“稳态”调节。“非稳态负荷”是指非稳态介质持续或重复激活的结果。从家庭温度控制系统的类比来看，温度可以通过多种手段（效应器）保持在各种水平（非稳态状态）中的任何一种，由恒温器（稳态器）调节。例如，当前门在冬天开着时，非稳态负荷和系统故障的风险增加。应用这些概念可以帮助理解急性和慢性压力如何通过非稳态负荷产生不利的健康后果。
This essay continues discussion of a new formulation of homeostasis that uses the concepts of allostasis and homeostats. The new formulation moves beyond Cannon's concept of "homeostasis," which posits an ideal set of conditions for maintenance of the internal environment. The notion of allostasis recognizes that there is no single ideal set of steady-state conditions in life, and different stressors elicit different patterns of activation of the sympathetic nervous and adrenomedullary hormonal systems. Allostasis reflects active, adaptive processes that maintain apparent steady states, via multiple, interacting effectors regulated by homeostatic comparators-"homeostats." "Allostatic load" refers to the consequences of sustained or repeated activation of mediators of allostasis. From the analogy of a home temperature control system, the temperature can be maintained at any of a variety of levels (allostatic states) by multiple means (effectors), regulated by the thermostat (homeostat). Allostatic load and risks of system breakdown increase when, for example, the front door is left open in the winter. Applying these notions can aid in understanding how acute and chronic stress can exert adverse health consequences via allostatic load.