Aging, emotion, and evolution the bigger picture
Aging, emotion, and evolution the bigger picture
复制标题
DOI：
10.1196/annals.1280.008
复制
发表时间：
2003-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Löckenhoff, CE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carstensen, LL;Löckenhoff, CE
大量的经验证据表明，学习和记忆中不可或缺的基本认知过程会随着年龄的增长而受到影响。对与年龄相关的损失的解释通常引用在繁殖后的几年中缺乏进化选择压力，因此在老年时未能优化功能。在本文中，我们认为，进化的压力并没有在老年人和进化的帐户是完全一致的模式，目前在心理学文献中的结果老化。认知丧失主要限于新的学习，但综合世界知识随着年龄的增长而增加。此外，社会情绪调节随着年龄的增长而改善，这与对情感上有意义的人（最明显的是亲属）的投资增加有关。在本章中，我们认为，这种配置文件的晚年特征有助于繁殖成功的亲属。我们认为，如何独特的人类能力，监测的地方在生命周期和随之而来的动机发生的变化时，在时间的界限被认为有助于长寿的适应性价值。最后，我们认为，进化论和寿命心理学的共同考虑可以导致人类衰老的理解取得丰硕成果的进展。
Ample empirical evidence shows that basic cognitive processes integral to learning and memory suffer with age. Explanations for age-related loss typically cite the absence of evolutionary selection pressures during the postreproductive years, which consequently failed to optimize functioning during old age. In this paper, we suggest that evolutionary pressures did operate at older ages and that an evolutionary account is entirely consistent with the pattern of findings currently available in the psychological literature on aging. Cognitive loss is limited primarily to new learning, yet integrated world knowledge increases with age. In addition, socioemotional regulation improves with age, which is associated with increased investment in emotionally meaningful others (most notably kin). In this chapter, we argue that this profile of late-life characteristics contributes to the reproductive success of kin. We consider how the uniquely human ability to monitor place in the life cycle and the consequent motivational shifts that occur when boundaries in time are perceived contribute to the adaptive value of long life. Finally, we suggest that joint consideration of evolutionary theory and life-span psychology can lead to fruitful advances in the understanding of human aging.