The 6/94 gap in health impact assessment
The 6/94 gap in health impact assessment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.eiar.2007.07.003
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Utzinger, Jurg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erlanger, Tobias E.;Krieger, Gary R.;Utzinger, Jurg
健康影响评估（HIA）是在过去20至30年间发展起来的一种方法，旨在促进减轻项目、方案和政策对健康造成的负面影响和增强积极影响。有一个基本的假设是，HIA已成为影响评估过程中一个成熟的关键部分，其地位与环境和社会影响评估同等重要。然而，这一假设需要证据支持。在发展中国家的项目背景下，HIA只是一个口号，没有明确阐述和相关的方法，由学术界提供，在有关影响的决策过程中很少或根本没有突出作用。提出一个简单的问题来支持这一严厉的断言：“世界上哪些地方实施了hia ?”为了回答这个问题，我们系统地检索了同行评议的文献和在线hia特定数据库。我们确定了237篇与hia相关的出版物，但这些出版物中只有6%关注发展中国家。因此，出现的是一个巨大的差距，我们称之为HIA的6/94差距，甚至比众所周知的卫生研究10/90差距更严重（10%的卫生研究资金用于导致90%全球疾病负担的疾病）。讨论了HIA这一6/94差距的影响，特别强调了采掘工业（石油/天然气和采矿）和水资源开发。我们的结论是，由于目前对主要采掘业和水资源开发的预测，中国在非洲这些部门的投资尤为突出，发展中国家迫切需要将HIA制度化。(c) 2007爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Health impact assessment (HIA), a methodology that aims to facilitate the mitigation of negative and enhancement of positive health effects due to projects, programmes and policies, has been developed over the past 20-30 years. There is an underlying assumption that HIA has become a full fledged critical piece of the impact assessment process with a stature equal to both environmental and social impact assessments. This assumption needs to be supported by evidence however. Within the context of projects in developing country settings, HIA is simply a slogan without a clearly articulated and relevant methodology, offered by academia and having little or no salience in the decision-making process regarding impacts. This harsh assertion is supported by posing a simple question: "Where in the world have HIAs been carried out?" To answer this question, we systematically searched the peer-reviewed literature and online HIA-specific databases. We identified 237 HIA-related publications, but only 6% of these publications had a focus on the developing world. What emerges is, therefore, a huge disparity, which we coin the 6/94 gap in HIA, even worse than the widely known 10/90 gap in health research (10% of health research funding is utilized for diseases causing 90% of the global burden of disease). Implications of this 6/94 gap in HIA are discussed with pointed emphasis on extractive industries (oil/gas and mining) and water resources development. We conclude that there is a pressing need to institutionalize HIA in the developing world, as a consequence of current predictions of major extractive industry and water resources development, with China's investments in these sectors across Africa being particularly salient. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.