The Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
The Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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DOI：
10.1093/ilar/ilv030
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Wirtz, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker, Christoph;Neurath, Markus F.;Wirtz, Stefan
肠道微生物群具有重要的代谢和宿主保护功能。与这些有益的功能相反，肠道微生物群被认为在炎症性肠病（IBD;克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎）的发病机制中发挥核心作用，炎症性肠病是肠道粘膜的慢性炎症。在实验小鼠模型中的遗传筛选和研究已经清楚地表明，IBD可以由于细菌过度易位到肠壁中或遗传易感宿主中细菌的失调处理而发展。在健康个体中，微生物群通过肠道屏障（单层高度特化的上皮细胞）与肠道的粘膜免疫系统有效地分离，其中一些具有先天免疫功能以防止或控制细菌抗原接近粘膜免疫细胞。目前尚不清楚微生物植物群或单个细菌菌株或病原体的组成是否诱导或支持IBD的发病机制。进一步的研究将是必要的，以仔细剖析单个细菌物种对这种疾病的贡献，并确定肠道微生物组的特异性调节是否可能代表未来治疗策略的有价值的进一步选择。
The intestinal microbiota has important metabolic and host-protective functions. Conversely to these beneficial functions, the intestinalmicrobiota is thought to play a central role in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), a chronic inflammation of the gutmucosa. Genetic screens and studies in experimental mouse models have clearly demonstrated that IBD can develop due to excessive translocation of bacteria into the bowel wall or dysregulated handling of bacteria in genetically susceptible hosts. In healthy individuals, the microbiota is efficiently separated from the mucosal immune system of the gut by the gut barrier, a single layer of highly specialized epithelial cells, some of which are equipped with innate immune functions to prevent or control access of bacterial antigens to the mucosal immune cells. It is currently unclear whether the composition of the microbial flora or individual bacterial strains or pathogens induces or supports the pathogenesis of IBD. Further research will be necessary to carefully dissect the contribution of individual bacterial species to this disease and to ascertain whether specific modulation of the intestinal microbiome may represent a valuable further option for future therapeutic strategies.