Sex differences in inflammation during atherosclerosis.
Sex differences in inflammation during atherosclerosis.
复制标题
动脉粥样硬化期间炎症的性别差异。
DOI：
10.4137/cmc.s17068
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fairweather D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fairweather D
动脉粥样硬化是美国和全世界的主要死亡原因，但死于动脉粥样硬化的男性比女性多，而且年龄更小。另一方面，女性在绝经后主要会患上动脉粥样硬化，特别是如果她们患有一种或多种自身免疫性疾病，这表明导致男性疾病增加的免疫机制与女性不同。动脉粥样硬化发病机制中的关键过程是血管炎症、脂质堆积、内膜增厚和纤维化、重构以及导致心肌梗死和缺血的斑块破裂或侵蚀。证据表明，在动脉粥样硬化期间，性激素改变了免疫反应，导致不同性别的疾病表型不同。例如，女性对感染和损害的反应是增加抗体和自身抗体反应，而男性则提高了先天免疫活性。这篇综述描述了关于动脉粥样硬化过程中炎症免疫反应的性别差异的现有知识。了解性别差异对于提高个体化医疗水平至关重要。
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide, yet more men die from atherosclerosis than women, and at a younger age. Women, on the other hand, mainly develop atherosclerosis following menopause, and particularly if they have one or more autoimmune diseases, suggesting that the immune mechanisms that increase disease in men are different from those in women. The key processes in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are vascular inflammation, lipid accumulation, intimal thickening and fibrosis, remodeling, and plaque rupture or erosion leading to myocardial infarction and ischemia. Evidence indicates that sex hormones alter the immune response during atherosclerosis, resulting in different disease phenotypes according to sex. Women, for example, respond to infection and damage with increased antibody and autoantibody responses, while men have elevated innate immune activation. This review describes current knowledge regarding sex differences in the inflammatory immune response during atherosclerosis. Understanding sex differences is critical for improving individualized medicine.