Analysis of non-hormonal nutritional supplements for anabolic-androgenic steroids -: Results of an international study
Analysis of non-hormonal nutritional supplements for anabolic-androgenic steroids -: Results of an international study
复制标题
DOI：
10.1055/s-2004-819955
复制
发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Schänzer, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geyer, H;Parr, MK;Schänzer, W
最近的几项研究表明，一些营养补充剂含有违禁的合成代谢雄激素类固醇，即所谓的激素原，但标签上并未注明。因此，对国际营养补充剂市场进行了广泛的调查，以澄清这一问题的严重程度。从2000年10月到2001年11月，从13个国家的215个不同供应商处购买了634种非激素营养补充剂。大多数补充剂是在各自国家的商店（578 个样品 = 91.2%）和互联网上（52 个样品 = 8.2%）购买的。 289 种补充剂来自销售激素原的公司，345 种补充剂来自不提供激素原的公司。从补充基质中分离出 11 种不同的合成代谢雄激素类固醇，主要是睾酮和诺龙的激素原，通过气相色谱/质谱法进行分析。在分析的 634 个样品中，有 94 个（14.8%）含有标签上未注明的合成代谢雄激素类固醇（“阳性补充剂”）。由于基质效应，我们无法获得 66 个样本（10.4%）的可靠数据。就每个国家购买的产品总数而言，大多数积极补充剂是在荷兰（25.8%）、奥地利（22.7%）、英国（18.8%）和美国（18.8%）购买的。根据标签，所有积极的补充剂均来自仅位于五个国家的公司：美国、荷兰、英国、意大利和德国。销售激素原的公司生产的营养补充剂中，21.1% 含有合成代谢雄激素类固醇，而不销售激素原的公司生产的营养补充剂中，9.6% 的成分呈阳性。阳性补充剂显示合成代谢雄激素类固醇浓度为 0.01 微克/克至 190 微克/克。服用含有诺龙激素原的补充剂，总摄入量超过 1 杯，导致去甲雄酮兴奋剂结果呈阳性，持续数小时。
Several recent studies have shown evidence of some nutritional supplements containing prohibited anabolic androgenic steroids, so-called prohormones, which were not declared on the label. Therefore, a broad-based investigation of the international nutritional supplement market was initiated to clarify the extent of this problem. From October 2000 until November 2001, 634 non-hormonal nutritional supplements were purchased in 13 countries from 215 different suppliers. Most supplements were bought in shops in the respective countries (578 samples = 91.2%) and on the internet (52 samples = 8.2%). 289 supplements were from prohormone-selling companies and 345 supplements came from companies which do not offer prohormones. After isolation from the supplement matrix 11 different anabolic androgenic steroids, mainly prohormones of testosterone and nandrolone, were analysed by gas-chromatography/ mass spectrometry. Out of the 634 samples analysed 94 (14.8%) contained anabolic androgenic steroids not declared on the label ("positive supplements"). We could not obtain reliable data for 66 samples (10.4%) due to matrix effects. In relation to the total number of products purchased per country, most of the positive supplements were bought in the Netherlands (25.8%), in Austria (22.7%), in the UK (18.8%) and the USA (18.8%). According to the label, all positive supplements were from companies located in only five countries: the USA, the Netherlands, the UK, Italy and Germany. 21.1% of the nutritional supplements from prohormone-selling companies contained anabolic androgenic steroids, whereas 9.6% of the supplements from companies not selling prohormones were positive. The positive supplements showed anabolic androgenic steroid concentrations of 0.01 mug/g up to 190 mug/g. The administration of supplements containing nandrolone prohormones adding up to a total uptake of more than 1 mug resulted in positive doping results for norandrosterone for several hours.