Perchlorate induces hermaphroditism in threespine sticklebacks
Perchlorate induces hermaphroditism in threespine sticklebacks
复制标题
DOI：
10.1897/05-454r.1
复制
发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Cresko, William A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernhardt, Richard R.;von Hippel, Frank A.;Cresko, William A.
最近，在许多情况下都引起了对高氯酸盐污染的担忧。高氯酸盐具有许多军事、商业和家庭用途，在牛奶、饮用水、灌溉水和农产品中都发现了它。高氯酸盐在低浓度下是有害的，但在美国仍然不受监管，而美国环境保护局试图建立可接受的暴露水平。本研究使用模型鱼类三刺刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）调查了对脊椎动物的潜在生殖影响。刺鱼在未经处理的水中和三种目标浓度的高氯酸钠处理水中从一夫一妻制饲养到性成熟。高氯酸盐被发现会干扰婚配颜色的表达、求偶行为和正常的性发育。基因检测显示，一些雌性已男性化，能够同时产生精子和卵子，组织学分析表明，这些个体具有含有卵母细胞和进行精子发生的细胞的间性性腺（卵睾）。体外受精显示这些配子能够自体受精和异体受精。然而，使用来自遗传性雌性的精子进行的杂交要么在囊胚期要么在器官发生开始时死亡。来自遗传雄性的精子在与来自所有处理的遗传雌性的卵子杂交时产生了可存活的鱼苗。据我们所知，本研究提供了第一个证据，证明高氯酸盐产生雄激素作用，并且能够在非雌雄同体脊椎动物中诱导功能性雌雄同体。
Recently, concern regarding perchlorate contamination has arisen in many contexts. Perchlorate has many military, commercial, and domestic applications, and it has been found in milk, drinking and irrigation water, and produce. Perchlorate is harmful at low levels, yet it remains unregulated in the United States while the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency attempts to establish acceptable exposure levels. The present study investigated potential reproductive effects on vertebrates using a model fish species, the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Sticklebacks were raised from syngamy through sexual maturity in untreated water and in three target concentrations of sodium perchlorate-treated water. Perchlorate was found to interfere with the expression of nuptial coloration, courtship behavior, and normal sexual development. Genetic testing revealed that some females were masculinized to the extent that they produced both sperm and eggs, and histological analysis showed that these individuals had intersexual gonads (ovotestes) containing both oocytes and cells undergoing spermatogenesis. In vitro fertilizations revealed that those gametes were capable of self- and cross-fertilization. However, crosses using sperm derived from genetic females died either during the blastula phase or near the onset of organogenesis. Sperm derived from genetic males produced viable fry when crossed with eggs derived from genetic females from all treatments. To our knowledge, the present study provides the first evidence that perchlorate produces androgenic effects and is capable of inducing functional hermaphroditism in a nonhermaphroditic vertebrate.