THE BALDWIN EFFECT
THE BALDWIN EFFECT
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鲍德温效应
DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1953.tb00069.x
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发表时间：
1953
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
G. Simpson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Simpson
在自然选择的影响下，一组生物体中个体获得的性状最终可能被类似的遗传性状增强或取代。这就是我们称之为“鲍德温效应”的进化现象的本质。j.m.鲍德温（1896）、劳埃德·摩根（1896）和H. F.奥斯本（1896）分别独立地、几乎同时指出了这种效应的可能性。劳埃德·摩根（例如，1900）和奥斯本（例如，1897a和1897b）后来偶尔提到了效果（或因素、原则或假设，随你的意愿）。鲍德温（尤其是1902年）对其进行了更详细的研究。e·b·波尔顿很早就加入了讨论，其他几个人在1896-1905年间也加入了讨论。三个工人同时独立地想到了鲍德温效应，这说明当时正在流行这种思想，这是当时思想氛围的必然产物。那时正处于新达尔文主义和新拉马克主义争论的高潮，不久之后，孟德尔主义的重新发现给生物学思想带来了一个完全不同的转变。有一个尖锐的声音。
Characters individually acquired by members of a group of organisms may eventually, under the influence of selection, be reenforced or replaced by similar hereditary characters. That is the essence of the evolutionary phenomenon here called "the Baldwin effect." The possibility of such an effect was noted independently and almost simultaneously by J. M. Baldwin 1 (1896), Lloyd Morgan (1896), and H. F. Osborn (1896). Lloyd Morgan (e.g., 1900) and Osborn (e.g., 1897a and b) made occasional later references to the effect (or factor, principle, or hypothesis, as you will). Baldwin (especially 1902) followed it up in greater detail. E. B. Poulton early joined the discussion, as did several others in the period 1896-1905, approximately. That three workers independently thought of the Baldwin effect at the same time demonstrates that the idea was in the air, that it was an inevitable outgrowth of the intellectual atmosphere of the time. That time was at the height of the neo-Darwinian versus neo-Lamarckian controversy and shortly before the rediscovery of Mendelism gave a radically different turn to biological thought. There was a sharp