Embryology of extra- and intrahepatic bile ducts, the ductal plate
Embryology of extra- and intrahepatic bile ducts, the ductal plate
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DOI：
10.1002/ar.20710
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Desmet, V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roskams, T.;Desmet, V.
在人类胚胎中，胆管和肝脏的第一原基是肝憩室或肝芽。在妊娠8周内，肝外胆管树通过肝憩室尾部的延长而形成。这种结构从一开始就开放，并在所有阶段保持开放并与发育中的肝脏连续。肝管（ductus hepaticus）从肝憩室的头部（肝部）发育而来。右肝管和左肝管的远端部分由肝外胆管发育而来，在妊娠12周时已形成清晰的管状结构。肝门主胆管的近端部分起源于第一肝内胆管板。肝外胆管和发育中的肝内胆管树从器官形成的一开始就保持管腔的连续性，这与先前在小鼠中的研究相矛盾，该研究表明肝外胆管系统独立于肝内胆管树发育，并且该系统最初是不连续的，但后来加入。肝内胆管的正常发育需要精细定时和精确调节的上皮-间质相互作用，其从肝门沿沿着发育中的门静脉分支向其外周进行。缺乏重塑的胆管板的结果在持久性的胚胎胆管结构保持在其原始的胆管板配置。这种异常被称为导管板畸形。
In the human embryo, the first anlage of the bile ducts and the liver is the hepatic diverticulum or liver bud. For up to 8 weeks of gestation, the extrahepatic biliary tree develops through lengthening of the caudal part of the hepatic diverticulum. This structure is patent from the beginning and remains patent and in continuity with the developing liver at all stages. The hepatic duct (ductus hepaticus) develops from the cranial part (pars hepatica) of the hepatic diverticulum. The distal portions of the right and left hepatic ducts develop from the extrahepatic ducts and are clearly defined tubular structures by 12 weeks of gestation. The proximal portions of the main hilar ducts derive from the first intrahepatic ductal plates. The extrahepatic bile ducts and the developing intrahepatic biliary tree maintain luminal continuity from the very start of organogenesis throughout further development, contradicting a previous study in the mouse suggesting that the extrahepatic bile duct system develops independently from the intrahepatic biliary tree and that the systems are initially discontinuous but join up later. The normal development of intrahepatic bile ducts requires finely timed and precisely tuned epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, which proceed from the hilum of the liver toward its periphery along the branches of the developing portal vein. Lack of remodeling of the ductal plate results in the persistence of an excess of embryonic bile duct structures remaining in their primitive ductal plate configuration. This abnormality has been termed the ductal plate malformation.