Authority Migration in Federations: A Framework for Analysis
Authority Migration in Federations: A Framework for Analysis
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联盟中的权限迁移：分析框架
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Bednar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Bednar
为什么一个联盟成功，而另一个联盟失败？联盟的失败可能是由于外部原因：外国入侵、其货币崩溃或全球市场力量。如果我们关注内生因素，失败的可能原因包括多样性，即人口漂移或冲突太频繁，或者因再分配不对称而嫉妒，不平等地承担成本或分散利益，当然还有腐败和叛乱。这些问题虽然潜在意义重大，但并不是联邦制所特有的；它们威胁着所有的民主国家。然而，有一个威胁尤其困扰着联合会。在美国的背景下，这是一个让詹姆斯·麦迪逊既困惑又充满活力的问题：政府层级之间的机会主义权力迁移。
Why does one federation succeed while another fails? Federations may fail for exogenous reasons: foreign invasion, collapse of its currency, or global market forces. If we focus on endogenous factors, the possible reasons for failure include diversity, where populations drift apart or clash too often, or jealousy from redistributive asymmetry, with unequal shouldering of costs or dispersion of benefits, and, of course, corruption and insurrection. While potentially significant, these problems are not particular to federalism; they threaten all democracies. There is, however, one threat that afflicts federations in particular. It is the one that perplexed and animated James Madison in the American context: opportunistic authority migration between levels of government.