Aerial infrared imaging reveals large nutrient-rich groundwater inputs to the ocean
Aerial infrared imaging reveals large nutrient-rich groundwater inputs to the ocean
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DOI：
10.1029/2008gl034574
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发表时间：
2008-08-13
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Lucey, Paul G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johnson, Adam G.;Glenn, Craig R.;Lucey, Paul G.
区域高分辨率（0.1 摄氏度，0.5 m）低空热红外图像 (TIR) 揭示了大量冷地下水的精确输入位置和精细混合结构，这些地下水以扩散流和超过 30 个大型点源营养丰富羽流的形式沿着夏威夷大火山岛干燥的西半部排放到沿海地区。在这种贫营养环境中，这些投入是向沿海水域输送新养分的唯一来源。水柱分析和营养物采样表明，羽流是寒冷、有浮力、营养丰富的地下水和海水的咸水混合物。通过示例，我们详细说明了其中一个较大的羽流，该羽流排放约。 12,000 m(3) d(-1)（约 8,600 m(3) d(-1) 淡水），其体积与较知名的热带喀斯特地形中的高通量地下水输出量相当。我们进一步展示了如何将养分混合趋势整合到 TIR 海表面温度中，以生成区域范围的地表水养分图。
Regional high-resolution (0.1 degrees C, 0.5 m) low-altitude thermal infrared imagery (TIR) reveals the exact input locations and fine-scale mixing structure of massive, cool groundwaters that discharge into the coastal zone as both diffuse flows and as >30 large point-sourced nutrient-rich plumes along the dry western half of the large volcanic island of Hawaii. These inputs are the sole source of new nutrient delivery to coastal waters in this oligotrophic setting. Water column profiling and nutrient sampling show that the plumes are cold, buoyant, nutrient-rich brackish mixtures of groundwater and seawater. By way of example, we illustrate in detail one of the larger plumes, which discharges ca. 12,000 m(3) d(-1) (ca. 8,600 m(3) d(-1) freshwater), rates comparable in volume to high-flux groundwater outputs in better-known tropical karst terrains. We further show how nutrient mixing trends may be integrated into TIR sea surface temperatures to produce surface water nutrient maps of regional extent.