The use of small angle neutron scattering with contrast matching and variable adsorbate partial pressures in the study of porosity in activated carbons

The use of small angle neutron scattering with contrast matching and variable adsorbate partial pressures in the study of porosity in activated carbons
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使用对比匹配和可变吸附分压的小角度中子散射研究活性炭的孔隙率

DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2012.06.046
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
10.9
通讯作者:
Mileeva Z
Mileeva Z
中科院分区:
材料科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mileeva Z

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采用对比度匹配技术,通过改变吸附液体(甲苯)中的氢/氚含量来提取不同散射向量(Q)值下的碳密度,并用全氚甲苯测量小角中子散射(SANS)的p/p0关系,研究了典型的活性碳的孔隙率。对比度匹配数据表明,表观密度是Q相关的,这要么是由于活化处理过程中碳表面附近的孔洞打开,要么是由于纳米孔洞中D-甲苯密度的变化。对于每个p/p0值,对Porod不变量的求值得到空孔的比例。因此,与吸附等温线的比较表明,当加入液体时,完全干燥的粉末经历了致密化。在每个p/p0值处建立一个代数函数来拟合SANS信号,从而得到液体表面的有效开尔文半径作为p/p0的函数。这些值与开尔文方程相比,表明所得到的表面张力值对于较大的孔洞是准确的,但对于较小的(纳米级)孔洞有增加的趋势。与传统的吸附等温线分析方法相比,所得到的孔径分布对模型的依赖性较小。
The porosity of a typical activated carbon is investigated with small angle neutron scattering (SANS), using the contrast matching technique, by changing the hydrogen/deuterium content of the absorbed liquid (toluene) to extract the carbon density at different scattering vector (Q) values and by measuring the p/p0dependence of the SANS, using fully deuterated toluene. The contrast matching data shows that the apparent density is Q-dependent, either because of pores opening near the carbon surface during the activation processor or changes in D-toluene density in nanoscale pores. For each p/p0value, evaluation of the Porod Invariant yields the fraction of empty pores. Hence, comparison with the adsorption isotherm, shows that the fully dry powder undergoes densification when liquid is added. An algebraic function is developed to fit the SANS signal at each p/p0value hence yielding the effective Kelvin radii of the liquid surfaces as a function of p/p0. These values, when compared with the Kelvin equation, show that the resultant surface tension value is accurate for the larger pores but tends to increase for small (nanoscale) pores. The resultant pore size distribution is less model-dependent than for the traditional methods of analyzing the adsorption isotherms.
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