DO TROPICAL FRUGIVORES COMPETE FOR FOOD
DO TROPICAL FRUGIVORES COMPETE FOR FOOD
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热带果食动物会争夺食物吗
DOI：
10.1093/icb/19.4.1157
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
T. Fleming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Fleming
剧情简介。在本文中，我提出了两个问题：水果是否仅限于脊椎动物食果动物，如果是这样，食果动物目前是否会与近亲或远亲物种竞争食物？对热带植物结果策略的简要回顾表明，果实偶尔会过剩，但通常产量低、数量少。水果丰度的变化是由几种生物选择压力造成的，包括变异？潜在分散剂的密度、多样性和可靠性。从受分类限制的食果鸟类和哺乳动物群体的大小结构、饮食相似性、栖息地偏好和觅食行为来判断，这些群体的成员过去曾为食物而竞争，现在也必须偶尔这样做。不寻常的气候条件偶尔会“扰乱”物候模式，并可能造成食物短缺，从而促进近亲食果动物物种之间的竞争。然而，在今天的热带生态系统中，鸟类和哺乳动物的食果动物可能很少相互竞争食物。造成这种情况的一个主要原因是，许多热带植物进化出的果实只对一小部分食果动物有吸引力（例如，只有鸟类或蝙蝠）。植物显然“感知到”鸟类和哺乳动物在传播服务方面的质的差异，并试图吸引其中一个群体的成员，而不是另一个群体。
synopsis. In this paper I ask two questions: Is fruit ever limiting to vertebrate frugivores and, if so, do frugivores presently compete for food, either with closely- or distantly-related species? A brief review of the fruiting strategies of tropical plants indicates that fruit can occasionally be superabundant, but it is often produced at low rates and in low quantities. Variation in fruit abundance results from several biotic selective pressures, including varia? tion in the density, diversity, and reliability of potential dispersal agents. Tojudge from the size structure, dietary similarities, habitat preferences and foraging behaviors of taxonomically-restricted guilds of frugivorous birds and mammals, members of these guilds have competed for food in the past and must occasionally do so today. Unusual climatic conditions can occasionally "upset" phenological patterns and can create food shortages that promote competition among closely-related species of frugivores. Avian and mammalian frugivores, however, probably seldom compete with each other for food in present-day tropical ecosystems. A major reason for this is that many tropical plants have evolved fruits that are attractive to only a limited subset of frugivores (e.g., only birds or only bats). Plants apparently "perceive" qualitative differences in the dispersal services of birds and mammals and attempt to attract members of one group but not the other.