A natural heating experiment: Phenotypic and genotypic responses of plant phenology to geothermal soil warming
A natural heating experiment: Phenotypic and genotypic responses of plant phenology to geothermal soil warming
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.14525
复制
发表时间：
2018-12
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
A. Valdés;Bryndís Marteinsdóttir;J. Ehrlén
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Valdés;Bryndís Marteinsdóttir;J. Ehrlén
在全球变暖的情况下，许多定居生物种群在季节性环境中的生存将在很大程度上取决于它们通过表型可塑性或适应性进化来科普原地变暖的能力。在高纬度环境中尤其如此，目前的生长季节很短，预期温度会大幅上升。在这样短的生长季节环境中，生长和繁殖的时机对生存至关重要。在这里，我们使用独特的设置提供的天然地热土壤变暖梯度（Hengill地热区，冰岛）研究卷耳fontanum开花物候温度的响应。我们假设开花物候的性状表达和表型选择与土壤温度有关，并使用常见的花园实验测试了温度驱动的物候选择差异导致遗传分化的假设。在该领域，物候与土壤温度，植物在温暖的微型网站开花早于植物在寒冷的微型网站。在公共花园中，植物以反梯度的方式对春季变暖做出反应;来自较温暖的微型站点的植物比来自较冷的微型站点的植物开花相对较晚。对这种模式的一个可能的解释是，从较冷的微型网站的植物已被选择，以弥补较短的生长季节开始发展在较低的温度。然而，在我们的研究中，我们没有发现在表型选择的物候变化与温度有关的证据，但选择一贯有利于早开花。我们的研究结果表明，土壤温度影响性状的表达，并建议存在遗传基础上的变化，开花物候导致逆梯度局部适应沿着梯度的土壤温度。我们的研究结果的一个重要含义是，观察到的物候对全球变暖的表型反应可能往往是短期塑性反应和长期进化反应的组合，作用于不同的方向。
Under global warming, the survival of many populations of sedentary organisms in seasonal environments will largely depend on their ability to cope with warming in situ by means of phenotypic plasticity or adaptive evolution. This is particularly true in high‐latitude environments, where current growing seasons are short, and expected temperature increases large. In such short‐growing season environments, the timing of growth and reproduction is critical to survival. Here, we use the unique setting provided by a natural geothermal soil warming gradient (Hengill geothermal area, Iceland) to study the response of Cerastium fontanum flowering phenology to temperature. We hypothesized that trait expression and phenotypic selection on flowering phenology are related to soil temperature, and tested the hypothesis that temperature‐driven differences in selection on phenology have resulted in genetic differentiation using a common garden experiment. In the field, phenology was related to soil temperature, with plants in warmer microsites flowering earlier than plants at colder microsites. In the common garden, plants responded to spring warming in a counter‐gradient fashion; plants originating from warmer microsites flowered relatively later than those originating from colder microsites. A likely explanation for this pattern is that plants from colder microsites have been selected to compensate for the shorter growing season by starting development at lower temperatures. However, in our study we did not find evidence of variation in phenotypic selection on phenology in relation to temperature, but selection consistently favoured early flowering. Our results show that soil temperature influences trait expression and suggest the existence of genetically based variation in flowering phenology leading to counter‐gradient local adaptation along a gradient of soil temperatures. An important implication of our results is that observed phenotypic responses of phenology to global warming might often be a combination of short‐term plastic responses and long‐term evolutionary responses, acting in different directions.