Internal doses from radionuclides and their health effects following the Fukushima accident
Internal doses from radionuclides and their health effects following the Fukushima accident
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DOI：
10.1088/1361-6498/aadb4c
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Kai, Michiaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ishikawa, Tetsuo;Matsumoto, Masaki;Kai, Michiaki
本文综述了福岛核事故中内照射剂量的估算方法，并对估算中潜在的人群不确定性进行了研究，同时沿着了内照射和外照射的相对影响。甲状腺剂量在很大程度上是由于I-131，但在甲状腺重量和部分摄取和保留时间的I-131在甲状腺中的变化有助于甲状腺剂量估计的不确定性。与国际参考假设相比，日本人群中这些参数的数值较低，将导致根据参考甲状腺重量低估剂量，并使用参考甲状腺摄取和保留时间高估剂量。由于人群特异性因素导致的甲状腺剂量的任何总体偏倚是这些效应之间平衡的净结果。其他器官的内部剂量主要是由于Cs-134和Cs-137及其全身分布，由于平均体重与保留时间之间的反比关系，这些剂量估计值的人群特异性差异由平均体重驱动。由于当地人口的具体因素，儿童和成年男性的剂量估计值和任何推断风险的潜在差异可能小于两倍，但成年女性的潜在差异可能略被低估。最近的微剂量测定研究证实了现有的看法，即在相同吸收剂量下，内部暴露于Cs-137、Cs-134和I-131的风险应几乎等于外部暴露于γ射线的风险。流行病学研究提供了儿童I-131的外部和内部暴露之间的比较，并表明内部暴露的影响与外部暴露的影响相似。有效剂量已制定，以协调内部和外部照射风险，用于辐射防护目的。根据这一审查，在这种情况下使用有效剂量似乎并非不合理。
This paper presents an overview of current internal dose estimates from the Fukushima accident, potential population specific uncertainties in these estimates are investigated, along with the relative effects of internal and external exposures. Thyroid doses were largely due to I-131, but variations in thyroid weight and fractional uptake and retention times of I-131 in the thyroid contribute to uncertainties in thyroid dose estimates. Lower values for these parameters in the Japanese population, as compared to international reference assumptions, would lead to underestimation of doses on the basis of reference thyroid weights and overestimation of doses using reference thyroid uptake and retention times. Any overall bias in thyroidal doses due to population specific factors is the net result of the balance between these effects. Internal doses to other organs are largely due to Cs-134 and Cs-137 and their whole body distribution, population specific differences in these dose estimates are driven by average body mass, due to the inverse relationship between this and retention times. Potential differences in dose estimates and any inferred risks, due to local population specific factors, may be less than a factor of two for children and male adults, but the potential difference may be slightly underestimated for female adults. Recent micro-dosimetric studies have confirmed the existing perception that risk from internal exposures to Cs-137, Cs-134, and I-131 should be nearly equivalent to that from external exposure to gamma rays at the same absorbed dose. Epidemiological studies provide comparisons between external and internal exposures to I-131 in children and suggest that effects of internal exposure are similar to those of external exposure. Effective dose has been formulated to harmonise internal and external exposure risks for radiation protection purposes. On the basis of this review, the use of effective dose in this context does not seem to be unreasonable.