Coexistence of multiple genotypes, including newly identified genotypes, in outbreaks of gastroenteritis due to Norovirus in Japan
Coexistence of multiple genotypes, including newly identified genotypes, in outbreaks of gastroenteritis due to Norovirus in Japan
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DOI：
10.1128/jcm.42.7.2988-2995.2004
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Katayama, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kageyama, T;Shinohara, M;Katayama, K
诺沃克病毒(NV)(以前称为诺瓦克样病毒)是人类急性非细菌性胃肠炎的最常见原因。最近，我们报道了一种基于衣壳N-末端/壳(N/S)结构域基因变异的NV基因分型方案(Katayama等人，病毒学299：225-239,2002)。我们发现了19个基因类型，包括9个基因组I和10个基因组II。在本研究中，我们调查了1997年至2002年在日本崎玉县发生的66起新城疫疫情的分子流行病学。我们用实时逆转录(RT)-PCR方法筛选了416份粪便标本(Kageyama等人，J.Clin。微型生物。41：1548-1557)，对156份NV阳性标本进行RT-PCR扩增衣壳N/S结构域基因，克隆扩增产物。对这些克隆进行测序后，我们获得了368个序列变体(菌株)。通过将我们的分类方案应用于来自崎玉的菌株和其他已发表的菌株，我们总共鉴定了31种基因类型，其中包括另外5种属于基因群I的基因类型和7种属于基因群II的基因类型。在31种基因类型中，有26种在该时期存在于崎玉地区。这些结果为人类新城疫基因型别的多样性提供了进一步的证据。所有贝类相关感染的样本都含有多种基因类型，包括几种新的基因类型。另一方面，在起源于半封闭群落的暴发疫情中，主要观察到单一的基因型别。因此，每次暴发中NV基因型别的数量取决于传播途径。
Norovirus (NV) (formerly called Norwalk-like virus) is the most common cause of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Recently, we reported an NV genotyping scheme based on variability in the capsid N-terminal/shell (N/S) domain gene (Katayama et al., Virology 299:225-239, 2002). We found 19 genotypes, including nine of genogroup I and 10 of genogroup II. In the present study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of NV from 66 outbreaks that occurred in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, from 1997 to 2002. We screened 416 stool specimens by a real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method (Kageyama et al., J. Clin. Micro-biol. 41:1548-1557, 2003) and detected 156 NV-positive specimens, from which we amplified the capsid N/S domain gene by RT-PCR and then cloned the PCR products. After sequencing these clones, we obtained 368 sequence variants (strains). By applying our classification scheme to the strains from Saitama and other published strains, we identified a total of 31 genotypes, including an additional five genotypes for genogroup I and seven for genogroup II. Of the 31 genotypes, 26 were present in the Saitama area during that time period. These results provide additional evidence for the great diversity of human NV genotypes. Specimens from all shellfish-related infections contained multiple genotypes, including several new genotypes. On the other hand, single genotypes were observed mostly in outbreaks that originated in semiclosed communities. Thus, the number of NV genotypes in each outbreak depended on the route of transmission.