International Trade and Income Inequality*
International Trade and Income Inequality*
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国际贸易和收入不平等*
DOI：
10.1111/sjoe.12360
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hideo Konishi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Furusawa;Hideo Konishi
我们提出了一个理论，解释为什么国际贸易可以扩大高收入者和其他人之间的工资差距，并导致就业两极分化。在基本模型中，我们考虑了两个对称的国家，其中具有不同能力的个人要么作为知识工人工作，他们开发在差异化产品部门生产的产品，要么作为生产工人，他们参与实际的生产过程。在均衡中，事前对称的企业为知识型员工提供不同的工资，从而吸引不同能力的员工，造成企业产品质量的异质性。国际贸易将有利于生产高质量产品的公司，损害生产低质量产品的公司。结果，能力高的人与能力低的人之间的相对工资差距扩大。事实上，我们表明，国际贸易增加了最低和最高能力的人的真实的工资，但降低了中等能力的人的真实的工资。我们还将基本模型扩展到非对称国家，并表明收入不平等在较小或人才稀缺的国家中存在，而在人才丰富的国家中，由于国际贸易，收入不平等会减少。
We propose a theory that explains why international trade can widen a wage gap between top income earners and others and cause job polarization. In the basic model, we consider two symmetric countries in which individuals with different abilities work either as knowledge workers, who develop products produced in a differentiated-good sector, or as production workers, who engage in actual production processes. In equilibrium, ex ante symmetric firms post different wages for knowledge workers and hence attract workers with different abilities, creating the firm heterogeneity in product quality. International trade will benefit firms that produce high-quality products and harm firms that produce low-quality products. The relative wage gap between individuals with high ability and those with low ability expands as a result. Indeed, we show that international trade increases the real wages for those with lowest and highest abilities but decreases the real wages for those with intermediate abilities. We also extend the basic model to the one with asymmetric countries and show that income inequality worsens in the smaller or talent-scarce country while it lessens in the talent-abundant country as a result of international trade.