Temporal Dynamics of Proactive and Reactive Motor Inhibition.
Temporal Dynamics of Proactive and Reactive Motor Inhibition.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2017.00204
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Krämer UM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liebrand M;Pein I;Tzvi E;Krämer UM
主动运动抑制是指促进动作抑制的内源性准备机制，而反应性运动抑制则被认为是由外部信号触发的突然停止过程。先前的研究对主动和反应性运动控制过程中涉及的神经认知过程的时间动力学尚无定论。利用脑电图（EEG）研究了主动抑制和反应性抑制的时间过程，测量了事件相关振荡和事件相关电位（ERPs）。参与者在一个有提示的去/不去范式中进行实验，有提示表明运动反应是否需要被抑制。基于Braver的双重控制机制（dual mechanism of control， DMC）框架，我们研究了注意效应、感觉运动皮层的运动准备和前额叶认知控制机制的作用，以及目标发生前后的分离效应。在线索-目标区间，主动运动抑制与注意力增加有关，反映在视觉α功率降低和偶然负变异（CNV）增加上。同时，运动抑制是通过降低感觉运动功率来调节的。在目标发生后，主动抑制导致N1增加，表明注意分配到相关刺激，前额叶β功率增加和感觉运动mu活动的调节。与之前的研究一样，运动动作的反应性停止与前额叶β能量的增加和感觉运动β活性的增加有关。这些结果强调了注意机制与主动抑制的相关性，并说明了不同的神经认知机制参与了运动抑制的早期准备和后期实施。
Proactive motor inhibition refers to endogenous preparatory mechanisms facilitating action inhibition, whereas reactive motor inhibition is considered to be a sudden stopping process triggered by external signals. Previous studies were inconclusive about the temporal dynamics of involved neurocognitive processes during proactive and reactive motor control. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated the time-course of proactive and reactive inhibition, measuring event-related oscillations and event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants performed in a cued go/nogo paradigm with cues indicating whether the motor response might or might not have to be inhibited. Based on the dual mechanisms of control (DMC) framework by Braver, we investigated the role of attentional effects, motor preparation in the sensorimotor cortex and prefrontal cognitive control mechanisms, separating effects before and after target onset. In the cue-target interval, proactive motor inhibition was associated with increased attention, reflected in reduced visual alpha power and an increased contingent negative variation (CNV). At the same time, motor inhibition was modulated by reduced sensorimotor beta power. After target onset, proactive inhibition resulted in an increased N1, indicating allocation of attention towards relevant stimuli, increased prefrontal beta power and a modulation of sensorimotor mu activity. As in previous studies, reactive stopping of motor actions was associated with increased prefrontal beta power and increased sensorimotor beta activity. The results stress the relevance of attentional mechanisms for proactive inhibition and speak for different neurocognitive mechanisms being involved in the early preparation for and in later implementation of motor inhibition.