Replication of Legionella Pneumophila in Human Cells: Why are We Susceptible?
Replication of Legionella Pneumophila in Human Cells: Why are We Susceptible?
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2010.00133
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Amer, Amal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khweek, Arwa Abu;Amer, Amal
嗜肺军团菌是军团病的病原体，军团病是一种严重且往往致命的肺炎。对L.嗜肺菌是由这种细胞内病原体在人肺泡巨噬细胞和单核细胞中繁殖的能力引起的。L.嗜肺菌还在几种专职和非专职吞噬人源细胞系中复制。除A/J小鼠品系外，大多数小鼠品系是限制性的，因此它们不支持L。嗜肺复制缺乏NOD样受体Nlrc 4或半胱天冬酶-1的小鼠也对L.嗜肺菌另一方面，在易感的人类宿主中，L.嗜肺菌利用几种策略来确保细胞内复制并保护自身免受宿主免疫系统的侵害。这些策略中的大多数收敛以防止L。嗜肺菌吞噬体与溶酶体结合，抑制宿主细胞凋亡，激活存活途径，并隔离复制和发病所必需的营养素。本文就L. pneumophila维持其在人类细胞中的复制。此外，我们强调了支持这种细胞内细菌增殖的不同的人源细胞系。因此，这些体外模型在研究L.嗜肺菌/吞噬细胞在人类宿主中的分子和细胞水平上的相互作用。
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, a serious and often fatal form of pneumonia. The susceptibility to L. pneumophila arises from the ability of this intracellular pathogen to multiply in human alveolar macrophages and monocytes. L. pneumophila also replicates in several professional and non-professional phagocytic human-derived cell lines. With the exception of the A/J mouse strain, most mice strains are restrictive, thus they do not support L. pneumophila replication. Mice lacking the NOD-like receptor Nlrc4 or caspase-1 are also susceptible to L. pneumophila. On the other hand, in the susceptible human hosts, L. pneumophila utilizes several strategies to ensure intracellular replication and protect itself against the host immune system. Most of these strategies converge to prevent the fusion of the L. pneumophila phagosome with the lysosome, inhibiting host cell apoptosis, activating survival pathways, and sequestering essential nutrients for replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize survival mechanisms employed by L. pneumophila to maintain its replication in human cells. In addition, we highlight different human-derived cell lines that support the multiplication of this intracellular bacterium. Therefore, these in vitro models can be applicable and are reproducible when investigating L. pneumophila/phagocyte interactions at the molecular and cellular levels in the human host.