Assessment of limiting factors and techniques prioritization for maize production in China.
Assessment of limiting factors and techniques prioritization for maize production in China.
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
Wang Chong-tao;Li Shaokun
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作者：
Wang Chong-tao;Li Shaokun
【目的】分析玉米产量潜力实现的主要制约因素，提出玉米生产技术发展的重点。【方法】通过对中国13个玉米生产省份和3个主要玉米产区的参与式农村评价调查，总结中国玉米生产的限制因素，包括潜在的物理因素、生物因素和制度因素。通过对影响程度和解决可能性的评价，得出了玉米生产技术优先级排序。【结果】耕作管理不善、粗放种植、施肥不利、玉米生长过程中田间管理不规范、技术获取率低等因素是玉米栽培技术问题，造成各玉米区产量损失的28.8% ~ 57.7%。其次是自然胁迫，尤其是干旱胁迫，造成产量损失9.3% ~ 35.1%。第三个因素是不同生态区主粮品种缺乏和相应品种相结合的技术体系，占产量损失的11.4% ~ 19.8%。第三个因素也与种子质量有关。第四个因素以土壤问题为代表，包括土壤侵蚀严重、表土浅、土壤贫瘠。它们对玉米产量的影响估计为4.8% ~ 20.2%。最后一个限制因素是病虫害、鼠害、杂草等，占产量损失的4.5% ~ 11.0%。【结论】建议决策者优先考虑省力栽培技术；其次是优质、抗生物和非生物胁迫、适应高密度的高产品种，以及各玉米产区主粮品种的鉴定；玉米生产机械化；技术在农民中的推广和农民使用技术的效果。
【Objective】 The aim of this paper was to identify the main limiting factors for realization of maize yield potential and propose the priorities in development of maize production techniques. 【Method】 The limiting factors to maize production in China including potential physical,biological,and institutional factors were summarized through participatory rural appraisal surveys in 13 maize production provinces and three major maize regions in China. Based on the evaluations of influence magnitude and possibility of solution,the priority list for techniques in maize production was obtained. 【Result】 The top first limiting factor was technical problem related to maize cultivation,such as poor tillage management,extensive cultivation,unfavorable fertilization,nonstandard field management during maize growth,and low rate for technique access,resulting in 28.8%-57.7% of yield loss in various maize regions. The second factor was natural stress,especially drought stress,which caused yield loss by 9.3%-35.1%. The third factor,responsible for 11.4%-19.8% of yield loss,was deficiency of staple cultivars for different eco-regions and the technique systems combined with corresponding cultivars. The seed quality was also involved in the third factor. The fourth factor was represented by soil problems,including serious soil erosion,shallow topsoil,and lean soil. Their influence on maize yield was estimated by 4.8%-20.2%. The last limiting factor was pest (disease,insect,rat,and weed,etc.) damage,which caused 4.5%-11.0% of yield loss. 【Conclusion】Therefore,the technique priorities for policy-markers were suggested as labor-saving cultivation techniques; following by high-yielding cultivars with good quality and multiple resistances to bio-and abio-stresses,adaptation to high-density,as well as identification of staple cultivars in various maize regions; mechanization of maize production;and technique popularization in farmers and effect of the techniques used by farmers.