Direct speech quotations promote low relative-clause attachment in silent reading of English.
Direct speech quotations promote low relative-clause attachment in silent reading of English.
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直接引语可以促进英语默读中较低的关系从句依恋。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2018.03.017
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Yao B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yao B
内隐韵律假说（Fodor，1998，2002）认为，无声阅读与一种默认的、内隐的韵律形式相一致，以促进句子的加工。最近的研究表明，在无声阅读直接引语时，一种更生动的内隐韵律形式是在心理上模拟的（例如，玛丽说：“这件衣服很漂亮”），具有神经和行为后果（例如，Yao，贝林，& Scheepers，2011; Yao & Scheepers，2011）.本文以英语关系从句为研究对象，探讨了“缺省”和“模拟”内隐韵律之间的关系。除了确认一般低RC-附件的偏好在生产（实验1）和理解（实验2和3），我们发现，在书面句子完成（实验1）或当阅读无声（实验2），低RC-附件的偏好可靠地增强时，关键句嵌入在直接引语相比，间接引语或叙述句。然而，当阅读时（实验3），直接言语并没有增强一般低RC依恋偏好。实验1和实验2的结果表明，在直接言语的无声产生/理解过程中，内隐韵律（通过听觉感知模拟）得到了定量的提高。相比之下，当阅读时（实验3），由于其外显的性质，韵律在各种条件下都同样显著;间接引语和叙述句因此变得像直接引语一样容易受到韵律诱导的句法偏差的影响。本研究结果表明缺省内隐韵律和模拟内隐韵律之间存在着共同的认知基础，为研究内隐韵律对句子加工的影响提供了一个新的平台。
The implicit prosody hypothesis (Fodor, 1998, 2002) proposes that silent reading coincides with a default, implicit form of prosody to facilitate sentence processing. Recent research demonstrated that a more vivid form of implicit prosody is mentally simulated during silent reading of direct speech quotations (e.g.,Mary said, “This dress is beautiful”), with neural and behavioural consequences (e.g., Yao, Belin, & Scheepers, 2011; Yao & Scheepers, 2011). Here, we explored the relation between ‘default’ and ‘simulated’ implicit prosody in the context of relative-clause (RC) attachment in English. Apart from confirming a general low RC-attachment preference in both production (Experiment 1) and comprehension (Experiments 2 and 3), we found that during written sentence completion (Experiment 1) or when reading silently (Experiment 2), the low RC-attachment preference was reliably enhanced when the critical sentences were embedded in direct speech quotations as compared to indirect speech or narrative sentences. However, when reading aloud (Experiment 3), direct speech did not enhance the general low RC-attachment preference. The results from Experiments 1 and 2 suggest aquantitative boostto implicit prosody (via auditory perceptual simulation) during silent production/comprehension of direct speech. By contrast, when reading aloud (Experiment 3), prosody becomesequally salientacross conditions due to its explicit nature; indirect speech and narrative sentences thus become as susceptible to prosody-induced syntactic biases as direct speech. The present findings suggest a shared cognitive basis between default implicit prosody and simulated implicit prosody, providing a new platform for studying the effects of implicit prosody on sentence processing.