COGNITIVE REPRESENTATIONS AND PROCESSES IN ARITHMETIC - INFERENCES FROM THE PERFORMANCE OF BRAIN-DAMAGED SUBJECTS
COGNITIVE REPRESENTATIONS AND PROCESSES IN ARITHMETIC - INFERENCES FROM THE PERFORMANCE OF BRAIN-DAMAGED SUBJECTS
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.17.3.355
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发表时间：
1991-05-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
ALIMINOSA, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
SOKOL, SM;MCCLOSKEY, M;ALIMINOSA, D
在这篇文章中，我们提供了两名患有计算障碍的脑损伤患者的数据，以支持有关简单算术表现的认知机制的说法。在前人研究的基础上，提出了认知计算系统的功能架构模型。然后，我们通过详细检查两名患者的功能完好和受损的模式来阐述这个架构。根据患者的表现，我们提出了以下理论主张：一些算术事实以个别事实表示的形式存储（例如，9 x 4 = 36），而其他事实以一般规则的形式存储（例如，0 x N = 0）；算术事实检索是由抽象的内部表征介导的，这些表征独立于提出问题或给出答案的形式；算术事实和计算过程在功能上是独立的；计算算法可能包括特殊情况的程序，以提高解决问题的速度或效率。最后，我们将讨论与所报道的研究相关的几个更一般的问题。
In this article, we present data from two brain-damaged patients with calculation impairments in support of claims about the cognitive mechanisms underlying simple arithmetic performance. We first present a model of the functional architecture of the cognitive calculation system based on previous research. We then elaborate this architecture through detailed examination of the patterns of spared and impaired performance of the two patients. From the patients' performance we make the following theoretical claims: that some arithmetic facts are stored in the form of individual fact representations (e.g., 9 x 4 = 36), whereas other facts are stored in the form of a general rule (e.g., 0 x N = 0); that arithmetic fact retrieval is mediated by abstract internal representations that are independent of the form in which problems are presented or responses are given; that arithmetic facts and calculation procedures are functionally independent; and that calculation algorithms may include special-case procedures that function to increase the speed or efficiency of problem solving. We conclude with a discussion of several more general issues relevant to the reported research.